论语英文版The Analects Chapter 8

The Master said, "T'ai-po may be said to have reached the highestpoint of virtuous1 action. Thrice he declined the kingdom, and thepeople in ignorance of his motives2 could not express their approbationof his conduct."The Master said, "Respectfulness, without the rules of propriety3,becomes laborious4 bustle5; carefulness, without the rules of propriety,becomes timidity; boldness, without the rules of propriety, becomesinsubordination; straightforwardness6, without the rules of propriety,becomes rudeness.

"When those who are in high stations perform well all their dutiesto their relations, the people are aroused to virtue7. When old friendsare not neglected by them, the people are preserved from meanness."The philosopher Tsang being ill, he cared to him the disciples8 ofhis school, and said, "Uncover my feet, uncover my hands. It is saidin the Book of Poetry, 'We should be apprehensive9 and cautious, asif on the brink10 of a deep gulf11, as if treading on thin ice, I andso have I been. Now and hereafter, I know my escape from all injuryto my person. O ye, my little children."The philosopher Tsang being ill, Meng Chang went to ask how he was.

Tsang said to him, "When a bird is about to die, its notes are mournful;when a man is about to die, his words are good.

"There are three principles of conduct which the man of high rankshould consider specially12 important:-that in his deportment and mannerhe keep from violence and heedlessness; that in regulating his countenancehe keep near to sincerity13; and that in his words and tones he keepfar from lowness and impropriety. As to such matters as attendingto the sacrificial vessels14, there are the proper officers for them."The philosopher Tsang said, "Gifted with ability, and yet puttingquestions to those who were not so; possessed15 of much, and yet puttingquestions to those possessed of little; having, as though he had not;full, and yet counting himself as empty; offended against, and yetentering into no altercation16; formerly17 I had a friend who pursuedthis style of conduct."The philosopher Tsang said, "Suppose that there is an individual whocan be entrusted18 with the charge of a young orphan19 prince, and canbe commissioned with authority over a state of a hundred li, and whomno emergency however great can drive from his principles:-is sucha man a superior man? He is a superior man indeed."The philosopher Tsang said, "The officer may not be without breadthof mind and vigorous endurance. His burden is heavy and his courseis long.

"Perfect virtue is the burden which he considers it is his to sustain;-isit not heavy? Only with death does his course stop;-is it not long?

The Master said, "It is by the Odes that the mind is aroused.

"It is by the Rules of Propriety that the character is established.

"It is from Music that the finish is received."The Master said, "The people may be made to follow a path of action,but they may not be made to understand it."The Master said, "The man who is fond of daring and is dissatisfiedwith poverty, will proceed to insubordination. So will the man whois not virtuous, when you carry your dislike of him to an extreme."The Master said, "Though a man have abilities as admirable as thoseof the Duke of Chau, yet if he be proud and niggardly20, those otherthings are really not worth being looked at."The Master said, "It is not easy to find a man who has learned forthree years without coming to be good."The Master said, "With sincere faith he unites the love of learning;holding firm to death, he is perfecting the excellence21 of his course.

"Such an one will not enter a tottering22 state, nor dwell in a disorganizedone. When right principles of government prevail in the kingdom, hewill show himself; when they are prostrated23, he will keep concealed24.

"When a country is well governed, poverty and a mean condition arethings to be ashamed of. When a country is ill governed, riches andhonor are things to be ashamed of."The Master said, "He who is not in any particular office has nothingto do with plans for the administration of its duties."The Master said, "When the music master Chih first entered on hisoffice, the finish of the Kwan Tsu was magnificent;-how it filledthe ears!"The Master said, "Ardent26 and yet not upright, stupid and yet not attentive;simple and yet not sincere:-such persons I do not understand."The Master said, "Learn as if you could not reach your object, andwere always fearing also lest you should lose it."The Master said, "How majestic27 was the manner in which Shun28 and Yuheld possession of the empire, as if it were nothing to them!

The Master said, "Great indeed was Yao as a sovereign! How majesticwas he! It is only Heaven that is grand, and only Yao correspondedto it. How vast was his virtue! The people could find no name forit.

"How majestic was he in the works which he accomplished29! How gloriousin the elegant regulations which he instituted!"Shun had five ministers, and the empire was well governed.

King Wu said, "I have ten able ministers."Confucius said, "Is not the saying that talents are difficult to find,true? Only when the dynasties of T'ang and Yu met, were they moreabundant than in this of Chau, yet there was a woman among them. Theable ministers were no more than nine men.

"King Wan25 possessed two of the three parts of the empire, and withthose he served the dynasty of Yin. The virtue of the house of Chaumay be said to have reached the highest point indeed."The Master said, "I can find no flaw in the character of Yu. He usedhimself coarse food and drink, but displayed the utmost filial pietytowards the spirits. His ordinary garments were poor, but he displayedthe utmost elegance30 in his sacrificial cap and apron31. He lived ina low, mean house, but expended32 all his strength on the ditches andwater channels. I can find nothing like a flaw in Yu."

泰伯篇第八

8.1 子曰：“泰伯，其可谓至德也已矣。三以天下让，民无得而称焉。”

8.2 子曰：“恭而无礼则劳，慎而无礼则葸，勇而无礼则乱，直而无礼则绞。君子笃于亲，则民兴于仁;故旧不遗，则民不偷。”

8.3 曾子有疾，召门弟子曰：“启予足!启予手!《诗》云：‘战战兢兢，如临深渊，如履薄冰。’而今而后，吾知免夫!小子!”

8.4 曾子有疾，孟敬子问之。曾子言曰：“鸟之将死，其鸣也哀;人之将死，其言也善。君子所贵乎道者三：动容貌，斯远暴慢矣;正颜色，斯近信矣;出辞气，斯远鄙倍矣。笾豆之事，则有司存。”

8.5 曾子曰：“以能问于不能，以多问于寡;有若无，实若虚，犯而不校。昔者吾友尝从事于斯矣。”

8.6 曾子曰：“可以托六尺之孤，可以寄百里之命，临大节而不可夺也。君子人与?君子人也。”

8.7 曾子曰“士不可以不弘毅，任重而道远。仁以为己任，不亦重乎?死而后已，不亦远乎?”

8.8 子曰：“兴于诗，立于礼，成于乐。”

8.9 子曰：“民可使由之，不可使知之。”

8.10 子曰：“好勇疾贫，乱也。人而不仁，疾之已甚，乱也。”

8.11 子曰：“如有周公之才之美，使骄且吝，其馀不足观也已。”

8.12 子曰：“三年学，不至于谷，不易得也。”

8.13 子曰：“笃信好学，守死善道。危邦不人，乱邦不居。天下有道则见，无道则隐。邦有道，贫且贱焉，耻也。邦无道，富且贵焉，耻也。”

8.14 子曰：“不在其位，不谋其政。”

8.15 子曰：“师挚之始，《关雎》之乱，洋洋乎盈耳哉!”

8.16 子曰：“狂而不直，侗而不愿，悾悾而信，吾不知之矣。”

8.17 子曰：“学如不及，犹恐失之。”

8.18 子曰：“巍巍乎，舜、禹之有天下也，而不与焉!”

8.19 子曰：“大哉尧之为君也!巍巍乎!唯天为大，唯尧则之。荡荡乎!民无能名焉。巍巍乎其有成功也!焕乎其有文章!”

8.20 舜有臣五人而天下治。武王曰：“予有乱臣十人。”孔子曰：“才难，不其然乎?唐、虞之际，于斯为盛。有妇人焉，九人而已。三分天下有其二，以服事殷。周之德，其可谓至德也已矣。”

8.21 子曰：“禹，吾无间然矣。菲饮食而致孝乎鬼神，恶衣服而致美乎黻冕，卑宫室而尽力乎沟洫。禹，吾无间然矣。”

1 virtuous

adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的

参考例句：

She was such a virtuous woman that everybody respected her.她是个有道德的女性，人人都尊敬她。

My uncle is always proud of having a virtuous wife.叔叔一直为娶到一位贤德的妻子而骄傲。

2 motives

n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 )

参考例句：

to impeach sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机

His motives are unclear. 他的用意不明。

3 propriety

n.正当行为;正当;适当

参考例句：

We hesitated at the propriety of the method.我们对这种办法是否适用拿不定主意。

The sensitive matter was handled with great propriety.这件机密的事处理得极为适当。

4 laborious

adj.吃力的，努力的，不流畅

参考例句：

They had the laborious task of cutting down the huge tree.他们接受了伐大树的艰苦工作。

Ants and bees are laborious insects.蚂蚁与蜜蜂是勤劳的昆虫。

5 bustle

v.喧扰地忙乱，匆忙，奔忙;n.忙碌;喧闹

参考例句：

The bustle and din gradually faded to silence as night advanced.随着夜越来越深，喧闹声逐渐沉寂。

There is a lot of hustle and bustle in the railway station.火车站里非常拥挤。

6 straightforwardness

n.坦白，率直

参考例句：

They were impressed by his sincerity and straightforwardness. 他的诚恳直率给他们留下了很深的印象。

What some people take for rudeness is really straightforwardness. 一些人所认为的无礼实际上却是直率的表现。

7 virtue

n.德行，美德;贞操;优点;功效，效力

参考例句：

He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。

You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。

8 disciples

n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 );门徒;耶稣的信徒;(尤指)耶稣十二门徒之一

参考例句：

Judas was one of the twelve disciples of Jesus. 犹大是耶稣十二门徒之一。 来自《简明英汉词典》

"The names of the first two disciples were --" “最初的两个门徒的名字是——” 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险

9 apprehensive

adj.担心的，恐惧的，善于领会的

参考例句：

She was deeply apprehensive about her future.她对未来感到非常担心。

He was rather apprehensive of failure.他相当害怕失败。

10 brink

n.(悬崖、河流等的)边缘，边沿

参考例句：

The tree grew on the brink of the cliff.那棵树生长在峭壁的边缘。

The two countries were poised on the brink of war.这两个国家处于交战的边缘。

11 gulf

n.海湾;深渊，鸿沟;分歧，隔阂

参考例句：

The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。

There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。

12 specially

adv.特定地;特殊地;明确地

参考例句：

They are specially packaged so that they stack easily.它们经过特别包装以便于堆放。

The machine was designed specially for demolishing old buildings.这种机器是专为拆毁旧楼房而设计的。

13 sincerity

n.真诚，诚意;真实

参考例句：

His sincerity added much more authority to the story.他的真诚更增加了故事的说服力。

He tried hard to satisfy me of his sincerity.他竭力让我了解他的诚意。

14 vessels

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 );船;容器;(具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的)人

参考例句：

The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》

All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

15 possessed

adj.疯狂的;拥有的，占有的

参考例句：

He flew out of the room like a man possessed.他像着了魔似地猛然冲出房门。

He behaved like someone possessed.他行为举止像是魔怔了。

16 altercation

n.争吵，争论

参考例句：

Throughout the entire altercation,not one sensible word was uttered.争了半天，没有一句话是切合实际的。

The boys had an altercation over the umpire's decision.男孩子们对裁判的判决颇有争议。

17 formerly

adv.从前，以前

参考例句：

We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。

This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China.这船从前航行在中国内河里。

18 entrusted

v.委托，托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

He entrusted the task to his nephew. 他把这任务托付给了他的侄儿。

She was entrusted with the direction of the project. 她受委托负责这项计划。 来自《简明英汉词典》

19 orphan

n.孤儿;adj.无父母的

参考例句：

He brought up the orphan and passed onto him his knowledge of medicine.他把一个孤儿养大，并且把自己的医术传给了他。

The orphan had been reared in a convent by some good sisters.这个孤儿在一所修道院里被几个好心的修女带大。

20 niggardly

adj.吝啬的，很少的

参考例句：

Forced by hunger,he worked for the most niggardly pay.为饥饿所迫，他为极少的工资而工作。

He is niggardly with his money.他对钱很吝啬。

21 excellence

n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德

参考例句：

His art has reached a high degree of excellence.他的艺术已达到炉火纯青的地步。

My performance is far below excellence.我的表演离优秀还差得远呢。

22 tottering

adj.蹒跚的，动摇的v.走得或动得不稳( totter的现在分词 );踉跄;蹒跚;摇摇欲坠

参考例句：

the tottering walls of the castle 古城堡摇摇欲坠的墙壁

With power and to spare we must pursue the tottering foe. 宜将剩勇追穷寇。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

23 prostrated

v.使俯伏，使拜倒( prostrate的过去式和过去分词 );(指疾病、天气等)使某人无能为力

参考例句：

He was prostrated by the loss of his wife. 他因丧妻而忧郁。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

They prostrated themselves before the emperor. 他们拜倒在皇帝的面前。 来自《简明英汉词典》

24 concealed

a.隐藏的，隐蔽的

参考例句：

The paintings were concealed beneath a thick layer of plaster. 那些画被隐藏在厚厚的灰泥层下面。

I think he had a gun concealed about his person. 我认为他当时身上藏有一支枪。

25 wan

(wide area network)广域网

参考例句：

The shared connection can be an Ethernet,wireless LAN,or wireless WAN connection.提供共享的网络连接可以是以太网、无线局域网或无线广域网。

26 ardent

adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的

参考例句：

He's an ardent supporter of the local football team.他是本地足球队的热情支持者。

Ardent expectations were held by his parents for his college career.他父母对他的大学学习抱着殷切的期望。

27 majestic

adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的

参考例句：

In the distance rose the majestic Alps.远处耸立着雄伟的阿尔卑斯山。

He looks majestic in uniform.他穿上军装显得很威风。

28 shun

vt.避开，回避，避免

参考例句：

Materialists face truth,whereas idealists shun it.唯物主义者面向真理，唯心主义者则逃避真理。

This extremist organization has shunned conventional politics.这个极端主义组织有意避开了传统政治。

29 accomplished

adj.有才艺的;有造诣的;达到了的

参考例句：

Thanks to your help,we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.亏得你们帮忙,我们才提前完成了任务。

Removal of excess heat is accomplished by means of a radiator.通过散热器完成多余热量的排出。

30 elegance

n.优雅;优美，雅致;精致，巧妙

参考例句：

The furnishings in the room imparted an air of elegance.这个房间的家具带给这房间一种优雅的气氛。

John has been known for his sartorial elegance.约翰因为衣着讲究而出名。

31 apron

n.围裙;工作裙

参考例句：

We were waited on by a pretty girl in a pink apron.招待我们的是一位穿粉红色围裙的漂亮姑娘。

She stitched a pocket on the new apron.她在新围裙上缝上一只口袋。

32 expended

v.花费( expend的过去式和过去分词 );使用(钱等)做某事;用光;耗尽

参考例句：

She expended all her efforts on the care of home and children. 她把所有精力都花在料理家务和照顾孩子上。

The enemy had expended all their ammunition. 敌人已耗尽所有的弹药。 来自《简明英汉词典》