论语英文版The Analects Chapter 12

Yen1 Yuan asked about perfect virtue2. The Master said, "To subdue3 one's selfand return to propriety4, is perfect virtue. If a man can for one day subduehimself and return to propriety, an under heaven will ascribe perfectvirtue to him. Is the practice of perfect virtue from a man himself, or isit from others?"Yen Yuan said, "I beg to ask the steps of that process." The Masterreplied, "Look not at what is contrary to propriety; listen not to what iscontrary to propriety; speak not what is contrary to propriety; make nomovement which is contrary to propriety." Yen Yuan then said, "Though I amdeficient in intelligence and vigor6, I will make it my business to practicethis lesson."Chung-kung asked about perfect virtue. The Master said, "It is, when you goabroad, to behave to every one as if you were receiving a great guest; toemploy the people as if you were assisting at a great sacrifice; not to doto others as you would not wish done to yourself; to have no murmuringagainst you in the country, and none in the family." Chung-kung said,"Though I am deficient5 in intelligence and vigor, I will make it mybusiness to practice this lesson."Sze-ma Niu asked about perfect virtue.

The Master said, "The man of perfect virtue is cautious and slow in hisspeech.""Cautious and slow in his speech!" said Niu;-"is this what is meant byperfect virtue?" The Master said, "When a man feels the difficulty ofdoing, can he be other than cautious and slow in speaking?"Sze-ma Niu asked about the superior man. The Master said, "The superior manhas neither anxiety nor fear.""Being without anxiety or fear!" said Nui;"does this constitute what wecall the superior man?"The Master said, "When internal examination discovers nothing wrong, whatis there to be anxious about, what is there to fear?"Sze-ma Niu, full of anxiety, said, "Other men all have their brothers, Ionly have not."Tsze-hsia said to him, "There is the following saying which I haveheard-'Death and life have their determined7 appointment; riches and honorsdepend upon Heaven.'

"Let the superior man never fail reverentially to order his own conduct,and let him be respectful to others and observant of propriety:-then allwithin the four seas will be his brothers. What has the superior man to dowith being distressed8 because he has no brothers?"Tsze-chang asked what constituted intelligence. The Master said, "He withwhom neither slander9 that gradually soaks into the mind, nor statementsthat startle like a wound in the flesh, are successful may be calledintelligent indeed. Yea, he with whom neither soaking slander, norstartling statements, are successful, may be called farseeing."Tsze-kung asked about government. The Master said, "The requisites10 ofgovernment are that there be sufficiency of food, sufficiency of militaryequipment, and the confidence of the people in their ruler."Tsze-kung said, "If it cannot be helped, and one of these must be dispensedwith, which of the three should be foregone first?" "The militaryequipment," said the Master.

Tsze-kung again asked, "If it cannot be helped, and one of the remainingtwo must be dispensed11 with, which of them should be foregone?" The Masteranswered, "Part with the food. From of old, death has been the lot of anmen; but if the people have no faith in their rulers, there is no standingfor the state."Chi Tsze-ch'ang said, "In a superior man it is only the substantialqualities which are wanted;-why should we seek for ornamentalaccomplishments?"Tsze-kung said, "Alas13! Your words, sir, show you to be a superior man, butfour horses cannot overtake the tongue. Ornament12 is as substance; substanceis as ornament. The hide of a tiger or a leopard14 stripped of its hair, islike the hide of a dog or a goat stripped of its hair."The Duke Ai inquired of Yu Zo, saying, "The year is one of scarcity15, andthe returns for expenditure16 are not sufficient;-what is to be done?"Yu Zo replied to him, "Why not simply tithe17 the people?""With two tenths, said the duke, "I find it not enough;-how could I do withthat system of one tenth?"Yu Zo answered, "If the people have plenty, their prince will not be leftto want alone. If the people are in want, their prince cannot enjoy plentyalone."Tsze-chang having asked how virtue was to be exalted18, and delusions21 to bediscovered, the Master said, "Hold faithfulness and sincerity22 as firstprinciples, and be moving continually to what is right,-this is the way toexalt one's virtue.

"You love a man and wish him to live; you hate him and wish him to die.

Having wished him to live, you also wish him to die. This is a case ofdelusion. 'It may not be on account of her being rich, yet you come to makea difference.'"The Duke Ching, of Ch'i, asked Confucius about government. Confuciusreplied, "There is government, when the prince is prince, and the ministeris minister; when the father is father, and the son is son.""Good!" said the duke; "if, indeed, the prince be not prince, the notminister, the father not father, and the son not son, although I have myrevenue, can I enjoy it?"The Master said, "Ah! it is Yu, who could with half a word settlelitigations!"Tsze-lu never slept over a promise.

The Master said, "In hearing litigations, I am like any other body. What isnecessary, however, is to cause the people to have no litigations."Tsze-chang asked about government. The Master said, "The art of governingis to keep its affairs before the mind without weariness, and to practicethem with undeviating consistency23."The Master said, "By extensively studying all learning, and keeping himselfunder the restraint of the rules of propriety, one may thus likewise noterr from what is right."The Master said, "The superior man seeks to perfect the admirable qualitiesof men, and does not seek to perfect their bad qualities. The mean man doesthe opposite of this."Chi K'ang asked Confucius about government. Confucius replied, "To governmeans to rectify24. If you lead on the people with correctness, who will darenot to be correct?"Chi K'ang, distressed about the number of thieves in the state, inquired ofConfucius how to do away with them. Confucius said, "If you, sir, were notcovetous, although you should reward them to do it, they would not steal."Chi K'ang asked Confucius about government, saying, "What do you say tokilling the unprincipled for the good of the principled?" Confuciusreplied, "Sir, in carrying on your government, why should you use killingat all? Let your evinced desires be for what is good, and the people willbe good. The relation between superiors and inferiors is like that betweenthe wind and the grass. The grass must bend, when the wind blows acrossit."Tsze-chang asked, "What must the officer be, who may be said to bedistinguished?"The Master said, "What is it you call being distinguished25?"Tsze-chang replied, "It is to be heard of through the state, to be heard ofthroughout his clan26."The Master said, "That is notoriety, not distinction.

"Now the man of distinction is solid and straightforward27, and lovesrighteousness. He examines people's words, and looks at their countenances28.

He is anxious to humble29 himself to others. Such a man will be distinguishedin the country; he will be distinguished in his clan.

"As to the man of notoriety, he assumes the appearance of virtue, but hisactions are opposed to it, and he rests in this character without anydoubts about himself. Such a man will be heard of in the country; he willbe heard of in the clan."Fan Ch'ih rambling30with the Master under the trees about the rain altars,said, "I venture to ask how to exalt19 virtue, to correct cherished evil, andto discover delusions."The Master said, "Truly a good question!

"If doing what is to be done be made the first business, and success asecondary consideration:-is not this the way to exalt virtue? To assailone's own wickedness and not assail31 that of others;-is not this the way tocorrect cherished evil? For a morning's anger to disregard one's own life,and involve that of his parents;-is not this a case of delusion20?"Fan Ch'ih asked about benevolence32. The Master said, "It is to love allmen." He asked about knowledge. The Master said, "It is to know all men."Fan Ch'ih did not immediately understand these answers.

The Master said, "Employ the upright and put aside all the crooked33; in thisway the crooked can be made to be upright."Fan Ch'ih retired34, and, seeing Tsze-hsia, he said to him, "A Little whileago, I had an interview with our Master, and asked him about knowledge. Hesaid, 'Employ the upright, and put aside all the crooked;-in this way, thecrooked will be made to be upright.' What did he mean?"Tsze-hsia said, "Truly rich is his saying!

"Shun, being in possession of the kingdom, selected from among all thepeople, and employed Kai-yao-on which all who were devoid35 of virtuedisappeared. T'ang, being in possession of the kingdom, selected from amongall the people, and employed I Yin-and an who were devoid of virtuedisappeared."Tsze-kung asked about friendship. The Master said, "Faithfully admonishyour friend, and skillfully lead him on. If you find him impracticable,stop. Do not disgrace yourself."The philosopher Tsang said, "The superior man on grounds of culture meetswith his friends, and by friendship helps his virtue."

颜渊篇第十二

12.1 颜渊问仁。子曰：“克已复礼为仁。一日克已复礼，天下归仁焉。为仁由己，而由人乎哉?”颜渊曰：“请问其目。”子曰：“非礼勿视，非礼勿听，非礼勿言，非礼勿动。”颜渊曰：“回虽不敏，请事斯语矣。”

12.2 仲弓问仁。子曰：“出门如见大宾，使民如承大祭。己所不欲，勿施于人。在邦无怨，在家无怨。”仲弓曰：“雍虽不敏，请事斯语矣。”

12.3 司马牛问仁。子曰：“仁者，其言也讱。”曰：“其言也讱，斯谓之仁已乎?”子曰：“为之难，言之得无讱乎?”

12.4 司马牛问君子。子问：“君子不忧不惧。”曰：“不忧不惧，斯谓之君子已乎?”子曰：“内省不疚，夫何忧何惧?”

12.5 司马牛忧曰：“人皆有兄弟，我独亡。”子夏曰：“商闻之矣：死生有命，富贵在天。君子敬而无失，与人恭而有礼，四海之内皆兄弟也。君子何患乎无兄弟也?”

12.6 子张问明。子曰：“浸润之谮，肤受之愬，不行焉，可胃明也已矣。浸润之谮，肤受之愬，不行焉，可谓远也已矣。”

12.7 子贡问政。子曰：“足食，足兵，民信之矣。”子贡曰：“必不得已而去，于斯三者何先?”曰：“去兵。”子贡曰：“必不得已而去，于斯二者何先?”曰：“去食。自古皆有死，民无信不立。”

12.8 棘子成曰：“君子质而已矣，何以文为?”子贡曰：“惜乎，夫子之说君子也!驷不及舌。文犹质也，质犹文也。虎豹之鞟犹犬羊之鞟。”

12.9 哀公问于有若曰：“年饥，用不足，如之何?”有若对曰：“盍彻乎?”曰：“二，吾犹不足，如之何其彻也?”对曰：“百姓足，君孰与不足?百姓不足，君孰与足?”

12.10 子张问崇德辨惑。子曰：“主忠信，徙义，崇德也。爱之欲其生，恶之欲其死。既欲其生，又欲其死，是惑也。‘诚不以富，亦祗以异’。”

12.11 齐景公问政于孔子。孔子对曰：“君君，臣臣，父父，子子。”公曰：“善哉!信如君不君，臣不臣，父不父，子不子，虽有粟，吾得而食诸?”

12.12 子曰：“片言可以折狱者，其由也与?”子路无宿诺。

12.13 子曰：“听讼，吾犹人也。必也使无讼乎?”

12.14 子张问政。子曰：“居之无倦，行之以忠。”

12.15 子曰：“博学于文，约之以礼，亦可以弗畔矣夫!”

12.16 子曰：“君子成人之美，不成人之恶。小人反是。”

12.17 季康子问政于孔子。孔子对曰：“政者，正也。子帅以正，孰敢不正?”

12.18 季康子患盗，问于孔子。孔子对曰：“苟子之不欲，虽赏之不窃。”

12.19 季康子问政于孔子曰：“如杀无道，以就有道，何如?”孔子对曰：“子为政，焉用杀?子欲善而民善矣。君子之德风，小人之德草。草上之风必偃。”

12.20 子张问：“士何如斯可谓之达矣?”子曰：“何哉，尔所谓达者?”子张对曰：“在邦必闻，在家必闻。”子曰：“是闻也，非达也。夫达也者，质直而好义，察言而观色，虑以下人。在邦必达，在家必达。夫闻也者，色取仁而行违，居之不疑。在邦必闻，在家必闻。”

12.21 樊迟从游于舞雩之下，曰：“敢问崇德，修慝，辨惑。”子曰：“善哉问!先事后得，非崇德与?攻其恶，无攻人之恶，非修慝与?一朝之忿，忘其身，以及其亲，非惑与?”

12.22 樊迟问仁。子曰：“爱人。”问知。子曰：“知人。樊迟未达。子曰：”举直错诸枉，能使枉者直。”樊迟退，见子夏曰：“乡也吾见于夫子而问知，子曰：‘举直错诸枉，能使枉者直’，何谓也?”子夏曰：“富哉言乎!舜有天下，选于众，举皋陶，不仁者远矣。汤有天下，选于众，举伊尹，不仁者远矣。”

12.23 子贡问友。子曰：“忠告而善道之，不可则止，毋自辱焉。”

12.24 曾子曰：“君子以文会友，以友辅仁。”

1 yen        

n. 日元；热望

参考例句：

He wanted to convert his dollars into Japanese yen.他想将美元换成日币。

He has a yen to be alone in a boat.他渴望独自呆在一条船上。

2 virtue        

n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力

参考例句：

He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。

You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。

3 subdue        

vt.制服，使顺从，征服；抑制，克制

参考例句：

She tried to subdue her anger.她尽力压制自己的怒火。

He forced himself to subdue and overcome his fears.他强迫自己克制并战胜恐惧心理。

4 propriety        

n.正当行为；正当；适当

参考例句：

We hesitated at the propriety of the method.我们对这种办法是否适用拿不定主意。

The sensitive matter was handled with great propriety.这件机密的事处理得极为适当。

5 deficient        

adj.不足的，不充份的，有缺陷的

参考例句：

The crops are suffering from deficient rain.庄稼因雨量不足而遭受损害。

I always have been deficient in selfconfidence and decision.我向来缺乏自信和果断。

6 vigor        

n.活力，精力，元气

参考例句：

The choir sang the words out with great vigor.合唱团以极大的热情唱出了歌词。

She didn't want to be reminded of her beauty or her former vigor.现在，她不愿人们提起她昔日的美丽和以前的精力充沛。

7 determined        

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。

He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

8 distressed        

痛苦的

参考例句：

He was too distressed and confused to answer their questions. 他非常苦恼而困惑，无法回答他们的问题。

The news of his death distressed us greatly. 他逝世的消息使我们极为悲痛。

9 slander        

n./v.诽谤，污蔑

参考例句：

The article is a slander on ordinary working people.那篇文章是对普通劳动大众的诋毁。

He threatened to go public with the slander.他威胁要把丑闻宣扬出去。

10 requisites        

n.必要的事物( requisite的名词复数 )

参考例句：

It is obvious that there are two requisites. 显然有两个必要部分。 来自辞典例句

Capacity of donor is one of the essential requisites of \"gift\". 赠与人的行为能力是\"赠与\"的一个重要前提。 来自口语例句

11 dispensed        

v.分配( dispense的过去式和过去分词 )；施与；配（药）

参考例句：

Not a single one of these conditions can be dispensed with. 这些条件缺一不可。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

They dispensed new clothes to the children in the orphanage. 他们把新衣服发给孤儿院的小孩们。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

12 ornament        

v.装饰，美化；n.装饰，装饰物

参考例句：

The flowers were put on the table for ornament.花放在桌子上做装饰用。

She wears a crystal ornament on her chest.她的前胸戴了一个水晶饰品。

13 alas        

int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等)

参考例句：

Alas!The window is broken!哎呀！窗子破了！

Alas,the truth is less romantic.然而，真理很少带有浪漫色彩。

14 leopard        

n.豹

参考例句：

I saw a man in a leopard skin yesterday.我昨天看见一个穿着豹皮的男人。

The leopard's skin is marked with black spots.豹皮上有黑色斑点。

15 scarcity        

n.缺乏，不足，萧条

参考例句：

The scarcity of skilled workers is worrying the government.熟练工人的缺乏困扰着政府。

The scarcity of fruit was caused by the drought.水果供不应求是由于干旱造成的。

16 expenditure        

n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗

参考例句：

The entry of all expenditure is necessary.有必要把一切开支入账。

The monthly expenditure of our family is four hundred dollars altogether.我们一家的开销每月共计四百元。

17 tithe        

n.十分之一税；v.课什一税，缴什一税

参考例句：

It's not Christ plus your tithe.这不是基督再加上你的什一税。

The bible tells us that the tithe is the lords.圣经说十分之一是献给主的。

18 exalted        

adj.(地位等)高的，崇高的；尊贵的，高尚的

参考例句：

Their loveliness and holiness in accordance with their exalted station.他们的美丽和圣洁也与他们的崇高地位相称。

He received respect because he was a person of exalted rank.他因为是个地位崇高的人而受到尊敬。

19 exalt        

v.赞扬，歌颂，晋升，提升

参考例句：

She thanked the President to exalt her.她感谢总统提拔她。

His work exalts all those virtues that we,as Americans,are taught to hold dear.他的作品颂扬了所有那些身为美国人应该珍视的美德。

20 delusion        

n.谬见，欺骗，幻觉，迷惑

参考例句：

He is under the delusion that he is Napoleon.他患了妄想症，认为自己是拿破仑。

I was under the delusion that he intended to marry me.我误认为他要娶我。

21 delusions        

n.欺骗( delusion的名词复数 )；谬见；错觉；妄想

参考例句：

the delusions of the mentally ill 精神病患者的妄想

She wants to travel first-class: she must have delusions of grandeur. 她想坐头等舱旅行，她一定自以为很了不起。 来自辞典例句

22 sincerity        

n.真诚，诚意；真实

参考例句：

His sincerity added much more authority to the story.他的真诚更增加了故事的说服力。

He tried hard to satisfy me of his sincerity.他竭力让我了解他的诚意。

23 consistency        

n.一贯性，前后一致，稳定性；(液体的)浓度

参考例句：

Your behaviour lacks consistency.你的行为缺乏一贯性。

We appreciate the consistency and stability in China and in Chinese politics.我们赞赏中国及其政策的连续性和稳定性。

24 rectify        

v.订正，矫正，改正

参考例句：

The matter will rectify itself in a few days.那件事过几天就会变好。

You can rectify this fault if you insert a slash.插人一条斜线便可以纠正此错误。

25 distinguished        

adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的

参考例句：

Elephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses.大象以其长长的鼻子显示出与其他动物的不同。

A banquet was given in honor of the distinguished guests.宴会是为了向贵宾们致敬而举行的。

26 clan        

n.氏族，部落，宗族，家族，宗派

参考例句：

She ranks as my junior in the clan.她的辈分比我小。

The Chinese Christians,therefore,practically excommunicate themselves from their own clan.所以，中国的基督徒简直是被逐出了自己的家族了。

27 straightforward        

adj.正直的，坦率的；易懂的，简单的

参考例句：

A straightforward talk is better than a flowery speech.巧言不如直说。

I must insist on your giving me a straightforward answer.我一定要你给我一个直截了当的回答。

28 countenances        

n.面容( countenance的名词复数 )；表情；镇静；道义支持

参考例句：

'stood apart, with countenances of inflexible gravity, beyond what even the Puritan aspect could attain." 站在一旁，他们脸上那种严肃刚毅的神情，比清教徒们还有过之而无不及。 来自英汉 - 翻译样例 - 文学

The light of a laugh never came to brighten their sombre and wicked countenances. 欢乐的光芒从来未照亮过他们那阴郁邪恶的面孔。 来自辞典例句

29 humble        

adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低

参考例句：

In my humble opinion,he will win the election.依我拙见，他将在选举中获胜。

Defeat and failure make people humble.挫折与失败会使人谦卑。

30 rambling        

adj.[建]凌乱的，杂乱的

参考例句：

We spent the summer rambling in Ireland. 我们花了一个夏天漫游爱尔兰。

It was easy to get lost in the rambling house. 在布局凌乱的大房子里容易迷路。

31 assail        

v.猛烈攻击，抨击，痛斥

参考例句：

The opposition's newspapers assail the government each day.反对党的报纸每天都对政府进行猛烈抨击。

We should assist parents not assail them.因此我们应该帮助父母们，而不是指责他们。

32 benevolence        

n.慈悲，捐助

参考例句：

We definitely do not apply a policy of benevolence to the reactionaries.我们对反动派决不施仁政。

He did it out of pure benevolence. 他做那件事完全出于善意。

33 crooked        

adj.弯曲的；不诚实的，狡猾的，不正当的

参考例句：

He crooked a finger to tell us to go over to him.他弯了弯手指，示意我们到他那儿去。

You have to drive slowly on these crooked country roads.在这些弯弯曲曲的乡间小路上你得慢慢开车。

34 retired        

adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的

参考例句：

The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。

Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。

35 devoid        

adj.全无的，缺乏的

参考例句：

He is completely devoid of humour.他十分缺乏幽默。

The house is totally devoid of furniture.这所房子里什么家具都没有。