论语英文版The Analects Chapter 13

Tsze-lu asked about government. The Master said, "Go before the people withyour example, and be laborious1 in their affairs."He requested further instruction, and was answered, "Be not weary in thesethings."Chung-kung, being chief minister to the head of the Chi family, asked aboutgovernment. The Master said, "Employ first the services of your variousofficers, pardon small faults, and raise to office men of virtue2 andtalents."Chung-kung said, "How shall I know the men of virtue and talent, so that Imay raise them to office?" He was answered, "Raise to office those whom youknow. As to those whom you do not know, will others neglect them?"Tsze-lu said, "The ruler of Wei has been waiting for you, in order with youto administer the government. What will you consider the first thing to bedone?"The Master replied, "What is necessary is to rectify3 names.""So! indeed!" said Tsze-lu. "You are wide of the mark! Why must there besuch rectification4?"The Master said, "How uncultivated you are, Yu! A superior man, in regardto what he does not know, shows a cautious reserve.

"If names be not correct, language is not in accordance with the truth ofthings. If language be not in accordance with the truth of things, affairscannot be carried on to success.

"When affairs cannot be carried on to success, proprieties5 and music do notflourish. When proprieties and music do not flourish, punishments will notbe properly awarded. When punishments are not properly awarded, the peopledo not know how to move hand or foot.

"Therefore a superior man considers it necessary that the names he uses maybe spoken appropriately, and also that what he speaks may be carried outappropriately. What the superior man requires is just that in his wordsthere may be nothing incorrect."Fan Ch'ih requested to be taught husbandry. The Master said, "I am not sogood for that as an old husbandman." He requested also to be taughtgardening, and was answered, "I am not so good for that as an oldgardener."Fan Ch'ih having gone out, the Master said, "A small man, indeed, is FanHsu! If a superior man love propriety6, the people will not dare not to bereverent. If he love righteousness, the people will not dare not to submitto his example. If he love good faith, the people will not dare not to besincere. Now, when these things obtain, the people from all quarters willcome to him, bearing their children on their backs; what need has he of aknowledge of husbandry?"The Master said, "Though a man may be able to recite the three hundredodes, yet if, when intrusted with a governmental charge, he knows not howto act, or if, when sent to any quarter on a mission, he cannot give hisreplies unassisted, notwithstanding the extent of his learning, of whatpractical use is it?"The Master said, "When a prince's personal conduct is correct, hisgovernment is effective without the issuing of orders. If his personalconduct is not correct, he may issue orders, but they will not befollowed."The Master said, "The governments of Lu and Wei are brothers."The Master said of Ching, a scion7 of the ducal family of Wei, that he knewthe economy of a family well. When he began to have means, he said, "Ha!

here is a collection-!" When they were a little increased, he said, "Ha!

this is complete!" When he had become rich, he said, "Ha! this isadmirable!"When the Master went to Weil Zan Yu acted as driver of his carriage.

The Master observed, "How numerous are the people!"Yu said, "Since they are thus numerous, what more shall be done for them?""Enrich them, was the reply.

"And when they have been enriched, what more shall be done?" The Mastersaid, "Teach them."The Master said, "If there were any of the princes who would employ me, inthe course of twelve months, I should have done something considerable. Inthree years, the government would be perfected."The Master said, "'If good men were to govern a country in succession for ahundred years, they would be able to transform the violently bad, anddispense with capital punishments.' True indeed is this saying!"The Master said, "If a truly royal ruler were to arise, it would stirrequire a generation, and then virtue would prevail."The Master said, "If a minister make his own conduct correct, whatdifficulty will he have in assisting in government? If he cannot rectifyhimself, what has he to do with rectifying8 others?"The disciple9 Zan returning from the court, the Master said to him, "How areyou so late?" He replied, "We had government business." The Master said,"It must have been family affairs. If there had been government business,though I am not now in office, I should have been consulted about it."The Duke Ting asked whether there was a single sentence which could make acountry prosperous. Confucius replied, "Such an effect cannot be expectedfrom one sentence.

"There is a saying, however, which people have -'To be a prince isdifficult; to be a minister is not easy.'

"If a ruler knows this,-the difficulty of being a prince,-may there not beexpected from this one sentence the prosperity of his country?"The duke then said, "Is there a single sentence which can ruin a country?"Confucius replied, "Such an effect as that cannot be expected from onesentence. There is, however, the saying which people have-'I have nopleasure in being a prince, but only in that no one can offer anyopposition to what I say!'

"If a ruler's words be good, is it not also good that no one oppose them?

But if they are not good, and no one opposes them, may there not beexpected from this one sentence the ruin of his country?"The Duke of Sheh asked about government.

The Master said, "Good government obtains when those who are near are madehappy, and those who are far off are attracted."Tsze-hsia! being governor of Chu-fu, asked about government. The Mastersaid, "Do not be desirous to have things done quickly; do not look at smalladvantages. Desire to have things done quickly prevents their being donethoroughly. Looking at small advantages prevents great affairs from beingaccomplished."The Duke of Sheh informed Confucius, saying, "Among us here there are thosewho may be styled upright in their conduct. If their father have stolen asheep, they will bear witness to the fact."Confucius said, "Among us, in our part of the country, those who areupright are different from this. The father conceals10 the misconduct of theson, and the son conceals the misconduct of the father. Uprightness is tobe found in this."Fan Ch'ih asked about perfect virtue. The Master said, "It is, inretirement, to be sedately11 grave; in the management of business, to bereverently attentive12; in intercourse13 with others, to be strictly14 sincere.

Though a man go among rude, uncultivated tribes, these qualities may not beneglected."Tsze-kung asked, saying, "What qualities must a man possess to entitle himto be called an officer? The Master said, "He who in his conduct of himselfmaintains a sense of shame, and when sent to any quarter will not disgracehis prince's commission, deserves to be called an officer."Tsze-kung pursued, "I venture to ask who may be placed in the next lowerrank?" And he was told, "He whom the circle of his relatives pronounce tobe filial, whom his fellow villagers and neighbors pronounce to befraternal."Again the disciple asked, "I venture to ask about the class still next inorder." The Master said, "They are determined15 to be sincere in what theysay, and to carry out what they do. They are obstinate16 little men. Yetperhaps they may make the next class."Tsze-kung finally inquired, "Of what sort are those of the present day, whoengage in government?" The Master said "Pooh! they are so many pecks andhampers, not worth being taken into account."The Master said, "Since I cannot get men pursuing the due medium, to whom Imight communicate my instructions, I must find the ardent17 and thecautiously-decided. The ardent will advance and lay hold of truth; thecautiously-decided will keep themselves from what is wrong."The Master said, "The people of the south have a saying -'A man withoutconstancy cannot be either a wizard or a doctor.' Good!

"Inconstant in his virtue, he will be visited with disgrace."The Master said, "This arises simply from not attending to theprognostication."The Master said, "The superior man is affable, but not adulatory18; the meanman is adulatory, but not affable."Tsze-kung asked, saying, "What do you say of a man who is loved by all thepeople of his neighborhood?" The Master replied, "We may not for thataccord our approval of him." "And what do you say of him who is hated byall the people of his neighborhood?" The Master said, "We may not for thatconclude that he is bad. It is better than either of these cases that thegood in the neighborhood love him, and the bad hate him."The Master said, "The superior man is easy to serve and difficult toplease. If you try to please him in any way which is not accordant withright, he will not be pleased. But in his employment of men, he uses themaccording to their capacity. The mean man is difficult to serve, and easyto please. If you try to please him, though it be in a way which is notaccordant with right, he may be pleased. But in his employment of men, hewishes them to be equal to everything."The Master said, "The superior man has a dignified19 ease without pride. Themean man has pride without a dignified ease."The Master said, "The firm, the enduring, the simple, and the modest arenear to virtue."Tsze-lu asked, saying, "What qualities must a man possess to entitle him tobe called a scholar?" The Master said, "He must be thus,-earnest, urgent,and bland:-among his friends, earnest and urgent; among his brethren,bland."The Master said, "Let a good man teach the people seven years, and they maythen likewise be employed in war."The Master said, "To lead an uninstructed people to war, is to throw themaway."

子路篇第十三

13.1 子路问政。子曰：“先之劳之。”请益。曰：“无倦。”

13.2 仲弓为季氏宰，问政。子曰：“先有司，赦小过，举贤才。”曰：“焉知贤才而举之?”子曰：“举尔所知;尔所不知，人其舍诸?”

13.3 子路曰：“卫君待子而为政，子将奚先?”子曰：“必也正名乎?”子路曰：“有是哉，子之迂也!奚其正?”子曰：“野哉，由也!君子于其所不知，盖阙如也。名不正，则言不顺;言不顺，则事不成;事不成，则礼乐不兴;礼乐不兴，则刑罚不中;刑罚不中，则民无所措手足。故君子名之必可言也，言之必可行也。君子于其言，无所苟而已矣。”

13.4 樊迟请学稼。子曰：“吾不如老农。”请学为圃。曰：“吾不如老圃。”樊迟出，子曰：“小人哉，樊须也!上好礼，则民莫敢不敬;上好义，则民莫敢不服;上好信，则民莫敢不用情。夫如是，则四方之民襁负其子而至矣，焉用稼?”

13.5 子曰：“诵诗三百，授之以政，不达;使于四方，不能专对;虽多，亦奚以为?”

13.6 子曰：“其身正，不令而行;其身不正，虽令不从。”

13.7 子曰：“鲁卫之政，兄弟也。”

13.8 子谓卫公子荆：“善居室。始有，曰：‘苟合矣。’少有，曰：‘苟完矣。’富有，曰：‘苟美矣。’”

13.9 子适卫，冉有仆。子曰：“庶矣哉!冉有曰：“既庶矣，又何加焉?”曰：“富之。”曰：“既富矣，又何加焉?”曰：“教之。”

13.10 子曰：“苟有用我者，期月而已可也，三年有成。”

13.11 子曰：“‘善人为邦百年，亦可以胜残去杀矣。’诚哉是言也!”

13.12 子曰：“如有王者，必世而后仁。”

13.13 子曰：“苟正其身矣，于从政乎何有?不能正其身，如正人何?”

13.14 冉子退朝。子曰：“何晏也?”对曰：“有政。”子曰：“其事也。如有政，虽不吾以，吾其与闻之。”

13.15 定公问：“一言而可以兴邦，有诸?”孔子对曰：“言不可以若是其几也。人之言曰：‘为君难，为臣不易。’如知为君之难也，不几乎一言而兴邦乎?”曰：“一言而丧邦，有诸?”孔子对曰：“言不可以若是其几也。人之言曰：‘予无乐乎为君，唯其言而莫予违也。’如其善而莫之违也，不亦善乎?如不善而莫之违也，不几乎一言而丧邦乎?”

13.16 叶公问政。子曰：“近者说，远者来。”

13.17 子夏为莒父宰。问政。子曰：“无欲速，无见小利。欲速，则不达;见小利，则大事不成。”

13.18 叶公语孔子曰：“吾党有直躬者，其父攘羊，而子证之。”孔子曰：“吾党之直者异于是：父为子隐，子为父隐。——直在其中矣。”

13.19 樊迟问仁。子曰：“居处恭，执事敬，与人忠。虽之夷狄，不可弃也。”

13.20 子贡问曰：“何如斯可谓之士矣?”子曰：“行己有耻，使于四方，不辱君命，可谓士矣。”曰：“敢问其次。”曰：“宗族称孝焉，乡党称弟焉。”曰：“敢问其次。”曰：“言必信，行必果，硜硜然小人哉!抑亦可以为次矣。”曰：“今之从政者何如?”子曰：“噫!斗筲之人，何足算也?”

13.21 子曰：“不得中行而与之，必也狂狷乎?狂者进取，狷者有所不为也。”

13.22 子曰：“南人有言曰：‘人而无恒，不可以作巫医。’善夫。”“不恒其德，或承之羞。”子曰：“不占而已矣。”

13.23 子曰：“君子和而不同，小人同而不和。”

13.24 子贡问曰：“乡人皆好之，何如?”子曰：“未可也。”“乡人皆恶之，何如?”子曰：“未可也。不如乡人之善者好之，其不善者恶之。”

13.25 子曰：“君子易事而难说也。说之不以道，不说也;及其使人也，器之。小人难事而易说也。说之虽不以道，说也;及其使人也，求备焉。”

13.26 子曰：“君子泰而不骄，小人骄而不泰。”

13.27 子曰：“刚、毅、木、讷近仁。”

13.28 子路问曰：“何如斯可谓之士矣?”子曰：“切切偲偲，怡怡如也，可谓士矣。朋友切切偲偲，兄弟怡怡。”

13.29 子曰：“善人教民七年，亦可以即戎矣。”

13.30 子曰：“以不教民战，是谓弃之。”

1 laborious        

adj.吃力的，努力的，不流畅

参考例句：

They had the laborious task of cutting down the huge tree.他们接受了伐大树的艰苦工作。

Ants and bees are laborious insects.蚂蚁与蜜蜂是勤劳的昆虫。

2 virtue        

n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力

参考例句：

He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。

You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。

3 rectify        

v.订正，矫正，改正

参考例句：

The matter will rectify itself in a few days.那件事过几天就会变好。

You can rectify this fault if you insert a slash.插人一条斜线便可以纠正此错误。

4 rectification        

n. 改正, 改订, 矫正

参考例句：

The process of producing a shift of the average value is called rectification. 产生平均值移动的过程叫做整流。

This effect, in analogy to its radiofrequency counterpart, is known as optical rectification. 同它的射频对应物相仿，这种现象称为光学整流。

5 proprieties        

n.礼仪，礼节；礼貌( propriety的名词复数 )；规矩；正当；合适

参考例句：

"Let us not forget the proprieties due. "咱们别忘了礼法。 来自英汉文学 - 败坏赫德莱堡

Be careful to observe the proprieties. 注意遵守礼仪。 来自辞典例句

6 propriety        

n.正当行为；正当；适当

参考例句：

We hesitated at the propriety of the method.我们对这种办法是否适用拿不定主意。

The sensitive matter was handled with great propriety.这件机密的事处理得极为适当。

7 scion        

n.嫩芽，子孙

参考例句：

A place is cut in the root stock to accept the scion.砧木上切开一个小口,来接受接穗。

Nabokov was the scion of an aristocratic family.纳博科夫是一个贵族家庭的阔少。

8 rectifying        

改正，矫正( rectify的现在分词 )； 精馏； 蒸流； 整流

参考例句：

James Gregory gave in in his "Geometriae Pars Universalis" a method of rectifying curves. James Gregory在他的《几何的通用部分》中给出了计算曲线长度的方法。

Significant progress was made in rectifying and standardizing nonbank financial institutions. 整顿和规范非银行金融机构取得重要进展。

9 disciple        

n.信徒，门徒，追随者

参考例句：

Your disciple failed to welcome you.你的徒弟没能迎接你。

He was an ardent disciple of Gandhi.他是甘地的忠实信徒。

10 conceals        

v.隐藏，隐瞒，遮住( conceal的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

He conceals his worries behind a mask of nonchalance. 他装作若无其事，借以掩饰内心的不安。 来自《简明英汉词典》

Drunkenness reveals what soberness conceals. 酒醉吐真言。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 sedately        

adv.镇静地，安详地

参考例句：

Life in the country's south-west glides along rather sedately. 中国西南部的生活就相对比较平静。 来自互联网

She conducts herself sedately. 她举止端庄。 来自互联网

12 attentive        

adj.注意的，专心的；关心(别人)的，殷勤的

参考例句：

She was very attentive to her guests.她对客人招待得十分周到。

The speaker likes to have an attentive audience.演讲者喜欢注意力集中的听众。

13 intercourse        

n.性交；交流，交往，交际

参考例句：

The magazine becomes a cultural medium of intercourse between the two peoples.该杂志成为两民族间文化交流的媒介。

There was close intercourse between them.他们过往很密。

14 strictly        

adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地

参考例句：

His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。

The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。

15 determined        

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。

He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

16 obstinate        

adj.顽固的，倔强的，不易屈服的，较难治愈的

参考例句：

She's too obstinate to let anyone help her.她太倔强了，不会让任何人帮她的。

The trader was obstinate in the negotiation.这个商人在谈判中拗强固执。

17 ardent        

adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的

参考例句：

He's an ardent supporter of the local football team.他是本地足球队的热情支持者。

Ardent expectations were held by his parents for his college career.他父母对他的大学学习抱着殷切的期望。

18 adulatory        

adj. 谄媚的, 奉承的, 阿谀的

参考例句：

Many of these adulatory characterizations were attributed to unnamed sources. 在这些献媚取宠的特写当中，很多材料来源不清。

Husband (one face is adulatory) : Hey, do not want to eat. 老公（一脸谄媚）：嘿嘿，不想吃。

19 dignified        

a.可敬的，高贵的

参考例句：

Throughout his trial he maintained a dignified silence. 在整个审讯过程中，他始终沉默以保持尊严。

He always strikes such a dignified pose before his girlfriend. 他总是在女友面前摆出这种庄严的姿态。