论语英文版The Analects Chapter 2

 The Master said, "He who exercises government by means of his virtuemay be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place andall the stars turn towards it."The Master said, "In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces,but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence 'Havingno depraved thoughts.'"The Master said, "If the people be led by laws, and uniformity soughtto be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment,but have no sense of shame.

　　"If they be led by virtue1, and uniformity sought to be given themby the rules of propriety2, they will have the sense of shame, andmoreover will become good."The Master said, "At fifteen, I had my mind bent3 on learning.

　　"At thirty, I stood firm.

　　"At forty, I had no doubts.

　　"At fifty, I knew the decrees of Heaven.

　　"At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth.

　　"At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without transgressingwhat was right."Mang I asked what filial piety4 was. The Master said, "It is not beingdisobedient."Soon after, as Fan Ch'ih was driving him, the Master told him, saying,"Mang-sun asked me what filial piety was, and I answered him,-'notbeing disobedient.'"Fan Ch'ih said, "What did you mean?" The Master replied, "That parents,when alive, be served according to propriety; that, when dead, theyshould be buried according to propriety; and that they should be sacrificedto according to propriety."Mang Wu asked what filial piety was. The Master said, "Parents areanxious lest their children should be sick."Tsze-yu asked what filial piety was. The Master said, "The filialpiety nowadays means the support of one's parents. But dogs and horseslikewise are able to do something in the way of support;-without reverence5,what is there to distinguish the one support given from the other?"Tsze-hsia asked what filial piety was. The Master said, "The difficultyis with the countenance6. If, when their elders have any troublesomeaffairs, the young take the toil7 of them, and if, when the young havewine and food, they set them before their elders, is THIS to be consideredfilial piety?"The Master said, "I have talked with Hui for a whole day, and he hasnot made any objection to anything I said;-as if he were stupid. Hehas retired8, and I have examined his conduct when away from me, andfound him able to illustrate9 my teachings. Hui!-He is not stupid."The Master said, "See what a man does.

　　"Mark his motives10.

　　"Examine in what things he rests.

　　"How can a man conceal11 his character? How can a man conceal his character?"The Master said, "If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, soas continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others."The Master said, "The accomplished12 scholar is not a utensil13."Tsze-kung asked what constituted the superior man. The Master said,"He acts before he speaks, and afterwards speaks according to hisactions."The Master said, "The superior man is catholic and not partisan14. Themean man is partisan and not catholic."The Master said, "Learning without thought is labor15 lost; thoughtwithout learning is perilous16."The Master said, "The study of strange doctrines17 is injurious indeed!"The Master said, "Yu, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When youknow a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know athing, to allow that you do not know it;-this is knowledge."Tsze-chang was learning with a view to official emolument18.

　　The Master said, "Hear much and put aside the points of which youstand in doubt, while you speak cautiously at the same time of theothers:-then you will afford few occasions for blame. See much andput aside the things which seem perilous, while you are cautious atthe same time in carrying the others into practice: then you willhave few occasions for repentance19. When one gives few occasions forblame in his words, and few occasions for repentance in his conduct,he is in the way to get emolument."The Duke Ai asked, saying, "What should be done in order to securethe submission20 of the people?" Confucius replied, "Advance the uprightand set aside the crooked21, then the people will submit. Advance thecrooked and set aside the upright, then the people will not submit."Chi K'ang asked how to cause the people to reverence their ruler,to be faithful to him, and to go on to nerve themselves to virtue.

　　The Master said, "Let him preside over them with gravity;-then theywill reverence him. Let him be final and kind to all;-then they willbe faithful to him. Let him advance the good and teach the incompetent;-thenthey will eagerly seek to be virtuous22."Some one addressed Confucius, saying, "Sir, why are you not engagedin the government?"The Master said, "What does the Shu-ching say of filial piety?-'Youare final, you discharge your brotherly duties. These qualities aredisplayed in government.' This then also constitutes the exerciseof government. Why must there be THAT-making one be in the government?"The Master said, "I do not know how a man without truthfulness23 isto get on. How can a large carriage be made to go without the crossbarfor yoking24 the oxen to, or a small carriage without the arrangementfor yoking the horses?"Tsze-chang asked whether the affairs of ten ages after could be known.

　　Confucius said, "The Yin dynasty followed the regulations of the Hsia:

　　wherein it took from or added to them may be known. The Chau dynastyhas followed the regulations of Yin: wherein it took from or addedto them may be known. Some other may follow the Chau, but though itshould be at the distance of a hundred ages, its affairs may be known."The Master said, "For a man to sacrifice to a spirit which does notbelong to him is flattery.

　　"To see what is right and not to do it is want of courage."

2.1 子曰：“为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。”

2.2 子曰：“《诗》三百，一言以蔽之，曰：‘思无邪。’”

2.3 子曰：“道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻;道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。”

2.4 子曰：“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”

2.5 孟懿子问孝。子曰：“无违。”樊迟御，子告之曰：“孟孙问孝于我，我对曰，无违。”樊迟曰：“何谓也?”子曰：“生，事之以礼;死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。”

2.6 孟武伯问孝。子曰：“父母唯其疾之忧。”

2.7 子游问孝。子曰：“今之孝者，是谓能养。至于犬马，皆能有养;不敬，何以别乎?”

2.8 子夏问孝。子曰：“色难。有事，弟子服其劳;有酒食，先生馔，曾是以为孝乎?”

2.9 子曰：“吾与回言终日，不违，如愚。退而省其私，亦足以发，回也不愚。”

2.10 子曰：“视其所以，观其所由，察其所安。人焉瘦哉?人焉瘦哉?”

2.11 子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。”

2.12 子曰：“君子不器。”

2.13 子贡问君子。子曰：“先行其言而后从之。”

2.14 子曰：“君子周而不比，小人比而不周。”

2.15 子曰：“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。”

2.16 子曰：“攻乎异端，斯害也已。”

2.17 子曰：“由!诲女知之乎!知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。”

2.18 子张学干禄。子曰：“多闻阙疑，慎言其馀，则寡悔。言寡尤，行寡悔，禄在其中矣。”

2.19 哀公问曰：“何为则民服?”孔子对曰：“举直错诸枉，则民服;举枉错诸直，则民不服。”

2.20 季康子问：“使民敬、忠以劝，如之何?”子曰：“临之以庄，则敬;孝慈，则忠;举善而教不能，则劝。”

2.21 或谓孔子曰：“子奚不为政?”子曰：“《书》云：‘孝乎!惟孝，友于兄弟，施于有政。’是亦为政，奚其为为政?”

2.22 子曰：“人而无信，不知其可也。大车无 ，小车无 ，其何以行之哉?”

2.23 子张问：“十世可知也?”子曰：“殷因于夏礼，所损益，可知也;周因于殷礼，所损益，可知也。其或继周者，虽百世，可知也。”

2.24 子曰：“非其鬼而祭之，谄也。见义不为，无勇也。”

1 virtue

n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力

参考例句：

He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。

You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。

 

2 propriety

n.正当行为；正当；适当

参考例句：

We hesitated at the propriety of the method.我们对这种办法是否适用拿不定主意。

The sensitive matter was handled with great propriety.这件机密的事处理得极为适当。

3 bent

n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的

参考例句：

He was fully bent upon the project.他一心扑在这项计划上。

We bent over backward to help them.我们尽了最大努力帮助他们。

4 piety

n.虔诚，虔敬

参考例句：

They were drawn to the church not by piety but by curiosity.他们去教堂不是出于虔诚而是出于好奇。

Experience makes us see an enormous difference between piety and goodness.经验使我们看到虔诚与善意之间有着巨大的区别。

5 reverence

n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬

参考例句：

He was a bishop who was held in reverence by all.他是一位被大家都尊敬的主教。

We reverence tradition but will not be fettered by it.我们尊重传统，但不被传统所束缚。

 

6 countenance

n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同

参考例句：

At the sight of this photograph he changed his countenance.他一看见这张照片脸色就变了。

I made a fierce countenance as if I would eat him alive.我脸色恶狠狠地，仿佛要把他活生生地吞下去。

7 toil

vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事

参考例句：

The wealth comes from the toil of the masses.财富来自大众的辛勤劳动。

Every single grain is the result of toil.每一粒粮食都来之不易。

8 retired

adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的

参考例句：

The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。

Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。

9 illustrate

v.举例说明，阐明；图解，加插图

参考例句：

The company's bank statements illustrate its success.这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。

This diagram will illustrate what I mean.这个图表可说明我的意思。

10 motives

n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 )

参考例句：

to impeach sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机

His motives are unclear. 他的用意不明。

11 conceal

v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽

参考例句：

He had to conceal his identity to escape the police.为了躲避警方，他只好隐瞒身份。

He could hardly conceal his joy at his departure.他几乎掩饰不住临行时的喜悦。

12 accomplished

adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的

参考例句：

Thanks to your help,we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.亏得你们帮忙,我们才提前完成了任务。

Removal of excess heat is accomplished by means of a radiator.通过散热器完成多余热量的排出。

13 utensil

n.器皿，用具

参考例句：

The best carving utensil is a long, sharp, flexible knife.最好的雕刻工具是锋利而柔韧的长刻刀。

Wok is a very common cooking utensil in every Chinese family.炒菜锅是每个中国人家庭里很常用的厨房食用具。

14 partisan

adj.党派性的；游击队的；n.游击队员；党徒

参考例句：

In their anger they forget all the partisan quarrels.愤怒之中，他们忘掉一切党派之争。

The numerous newly created partisan detachments began working slowly towards that region.许多新建的游击队都开始慢慢地向那里移动。

15 labor

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。

He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

16 perilous

adj.危险的，冒险的

参考例句：

The journey through the jungle was perilous.穿过丛林的旅行充满了危险。

We have been carried in safety through a perilous crisis.历经一连串危机，我们如今已安然无恙。

17 doctrines

n.教条( doctrine的名词复数 )；教义；学说；（政府政策的）正式声明

参考例句：

To modern eyes, such doctrines appear harsh, even cruel. 从现代的角度看，这样的教义显得苛刻，甚至残酷。 来自《简明英汉词典》

His doctrines have seduced many into error. 他的学说把许多人诱入歧途。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

18 emolument

n.报酬，薪水

参考例句：

The emolument of this profession is not satisfactory.此行业的报酬不令人满意。

Emolument management occupies a significant part in HR.薪酬管理在人力资源管理活动中占据重要的地位。

19 repentance

n.懊悔

参考例句：

He shows no repentance for what he has done.他对他的所作所为一点也不懊悔。

Christ is inviting sinners to repentance.基督正在敦请有罪的人悔悟。

20 submission

n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出

参考例句：

The defeated general showed his submission by giving up his sword.战败将军缴剑表示投降。

No enemy can frighten us into submission.任何敌人的恐吓都不能使我们屈服。

21 crooked

adj.弯曲的；不诚实的，狡猾的，不正当的

参考例句：

He crooked a finger to tell us to go over to him.他弯了弯手指，示意我们到他那儿去。

You have to drive slowly on these crooked country roads.在这些弯弯曲曲的乡间小路上你得慢慢开车。

22 virtuous

adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的

参考例句：

She was such a virtuous woman that everybody respected her.她是个有道德的女性，人人都尊敬她。

My uncle is always proud of having a virtuous wife.叔叔一直为娶到一位贤德的妻子而骄傲。

23 truthfulness

n. 符合实际

参考例句：

Among her many virtues are loyalty, courage, and truthfulness. 她有许多的美德，如忠诚、勇敢和诚实。

I fired a hundred questions concerning the truthfulness of his statement. 我对他发言的真实性提出一连串质问。

24 yoking

配轭，矿区的分界