论语英文版The Analects Chapter 15

The Duke Ling of Wei asked Confucius about tactics. Confucius replied, "Ihave heard all about sacrificial vessels1, but I have not learned militarymatters." On this, he took his departure the next day.

When he was in Chan, their provisions were exhausted2, and his followersbecame so in that they were unable to rise.

Tsze-lu, with evident dissatisfaction, said, "Has the superior man likewiseto endure in this way?" The Master said, "The superior man may indeed haveto endure want, but the mean man, when he is in want, gives way tounbridled license4."The Master said, "Ts'ze, you think, I suppose, that I am one who learnsmany things and keeps them in memory?"Tsze-kung replied, "Yes,-but perhaps it is not so?""No," was the answer; "I seek a unity5 all pervading6."The Master said, "Yu I those who know virtue7 are few."The Master said, "May not Shun8 be instanced as having governed efficientlywithout exertion9? What did he do? He did nothing but gravely and reverentlyoccupy his royal seat."Tsze-chang asked how a man should conduct himself, so as to be everywhereappreciated.

The Master said, "Let his words be sincere and truthful11 and his actionshonorable and careful;-such conduct may be practiced among the rude tribesof the South or the North. If his words be not sincere and truthful and hisactions not honorable and carefull will he, with such conduct, beappreciated, even in his neighborhood?

"When he is standing12, let him see those two things, as it were, frontinghim. When he is in a carriage, let him see them attached to the yoke13. Thenmay he subsequently carry them into practice."Tsze-chang wrote these counsels on the end of his sash.

The Master said, "Truly straightforward14 was the historiographer Yu. Whengood government prevailed in his state, he was like an arrow. When badgovernment prevailed, he was like an arrow. A superior man indeed is ChuPo-yu! When good government prevails in his state, he is to be found inoffice. When bad government prevails, he can roll his principles up, andkeep them in his breast."The Master said, "When a man may be spoken with, not to speak to him is toerr in reference to the man. When a man may not be spoken with, to speak tohim is to err15 in reference to our words. The wise err neither in regard totheir man nor to their words."The Master said, "The determined16 scholar and the man of virtue will notseek to live at the expense of injuring their virtue. They will evensacrifice their lives to preserve their virtue complete."Tsze-kung asked about the practice of virtue. The Master said, "Themechanic, who wishes to do his work well, must first sharpen his tools.

When you are living in any state, take service with the most worthy17 amongits great officers, and make friends of the most virtuous18 among itsscholars."Yen19 Yuan asked how the government of a country should be administered.

The Master said, "Follow the seasons of Hsia.

"Ride in the state carriage of Yin.

"Wear the ceremonial cap of Chau.

"Let the music be the Shao with its pantomimes. Banish20 the songs of Chang,and keep far from specious21 talkers. The songs of Chang are licentious;specious talkers are dangerous."The Master said, "If a man take no thought about what is distant, he willfind sorrow near at hand."The Master said, "It is all over! I have not seen one who loves virtue ashe loves beauty."The Master said, "Was not Tsang Wan3 like one who had stolen his situation?

He knew the virtue and the talents of Hui of Liu-hsia, and yet did notprocure that he should stand with him in court."The Master said, "He who requires much from himself and little from others,will keep himself from being the object of resentment22."The Master said, "When a man is not in the habit of saying-'What shall Ithink of this? What shall I think of this?' I can indeed do nothing withhim!"The Master said, "When a number of people are together, for a whole day,without their conversation turning on righteousness, and when they are fondof carrying out the suggestions of a small shrewdness;-theirs is indeed ahard case."The Master said, "The superior man in everything considers righteousness tobe essential. He performs it according to the rules of propriety23. He bringsit forth24 in humility25. He completes it with sincerity26. This is indeed asuperior man."The Master said, "The superior man is distressed27 by his want of ability. Heis not distressed by men's not knowing him."The Master said, "The superior man dislikes the thought of his name notbeing mentioned after his death."The Master said, "What the superior man seeks, is in himself. What the meanman seeks, is in others."The Master said, "The superior man is dignified28, but does not wrangle29. Heis sociable30, but not a partisan31."The Master said, "The superior man does not promote a man simply on accountof his words, nor does he put aside good words because of the man."Tsze-kung asked, saying, "Is there one word which may serve as a rule ofpractice for all one's life?" The Master said, "Is not Reciprocity such aword? What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others."The Master said, "In my dealings with men, whose evil do I blame, whosegoodness do I praise, beyond what is proper? If I do sometimes exceed inpraise, there must be ground for it in my examination of the individual.

"This people supplied the ground why the three dynasties pursued the pathof straightforwardness32."The Master said, "Even in my early days, a historiographer would leave ablank in his text, and he who had a horse would lend him to another toride. Now, alas33! there are no such things."The Master said, "Specious words confound virtue. Want of forbearance insmall matters confounds great plans."The Master said, "When the multitude hate a man, it is necessary to examineinto the case. When the multitude like a man, it is necessary to examineinto the case."The Master said, "A man can enlarge the principles which he follows; thoseprinciples do not enlarge the man."The Master said, "To have faults and not to reform them,-this, indeed,should be pronounced having faults."The Master said, "I have been the whole day without eating, and the wholenight without sleeping:-occupied with thinking. It was of no use. betterplan is to learn."The Master said, "The object of the superior man is truth. Food is not hisobject. There is plowing;-even in that there is sometimes want. So withlearning;-emolument34 may be found in it. The superior man is anxious lest heshould not get truth; he is not anxious lest poverty should come upon him."The Master said, "When a man's knowledge is sufficient to attain35, and hisvirtue is not sufficient to enable him to hold, whatever he may havegained, he will lose again.

"When his knowledge is sufficient to attain, and he has virtue enough tohold fast, if he cannot govern with dignity, the people will not respecthim.

"When his knowledge is sufficient to attain, and he has virtue enough tohold fast; when he governs also with dignity, yet if he try to move thepeople contrary to the rules of propriety:-full excellence36 is not reached."The Master said, "The superior man cannot be known in little matters; buthe may be intrusted with great concerns. The small man may not be intrustedwith great concerns, but he may be known in little matters."The Master said, "Virtue is more to man than either water or fire. I haveseen men die from treading on water and fire, but I have never seen a mandie from treading the course of virtue."The Master said, "Let every man consider virtue as what devolves onhimself. He may not yield the performance of it even to his teacher."The Master said, "The superior man is correctly firm, and not firm merely."The Master said, "A minister, in serving his prince, reverently10 dischargeshis duties, and makes his emolument a secondary consideration."The Master said, "In teaching there should be no distinction of classes."The Master said, "Those whose courses are different cannot lay plans forone another."The Master said, "In language it is simply required that it convey themeaning."The music master, Mien37, having called upon him, when they came to thesteps, the Master said, "Here are the steps." When they came to the mat forthe guest to sit upon, he said, "Here is the mat." When all were seated,the Master informed him, saying, "So and so is here; so and so is here."The music master, Mien, having gone out, Tsze-chang asked, saying. "Is itthe rule to tell those things to the music master?"The Master said, "Yes. This is certainly the rule for those who lead theblind."

卫灵公篇第十五

15.1 卫灵公问阵於孔子。孔子对曰：“俎豆之事，则尝闻之矣;军旅之事，未之学也。”明日遂行。

15.2 在阵绝粮，从者病，莫能兴。子路愠见曰：“君子亦有穷乎?”子曰：“君子固穷，小人穷斯滥矣。”

15.3 子曰：“赐也，女以予为多学而识之者与?”对曰：“然。非与?”曰：“非也，予一以贯之。”

15.4 子曰：“由!知德者鲜矣。”

15.5 子曰：“无为而治者其舜也与?夫何为哉?恭己正南面而已矣。”

15.6 子张问行。子曰：“言忠信，行笃敬，虽蛮貊之邦，行矣。言不忠信，行不笃敬，虽州里，行乎哉?立则见其参於前也，在舆则见其倚于衡也，夫然后行。”子张书诸绅。

15.7 子曰：“直哉史鱼!邦有道，如矢;邦无道，如矢。君子哉蘧伯玉!邦有道，则仕;邦无道，则可卷而怀之。”

15.8 子曰：“可与言而不与之言，失人;不可与言而与之言，失言。知者不失人，亦不失言。”

15.9 子曰：“志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀身以成仁。”

15.10 子贡问为仁，子曰：“工欲善其事，必先利其器。居是邦也，事其大夫之贤者，友其士之仁者。”

15.11 颜渊问为邦。子曰：“行夏之时，乘殷之辂，服周之冕，乐则《韶》、《舞》、放郑声，远佞人。郑声淫，佞人殆。”

15.12 子曰：“人无远虑，必有近忧。”

15.13 子曰：“已矣乎!吾未见好德如好色者也。”

15.14 子曰：“臧文仲其窃位者与!知柳下惠之贤而不与立也。”

15.15 子曰：“躬自厚而薄责于人，则远怨矣。”

15.16 子曰：“不曰‘如之何，如之何’者，吾未如之何也已矣。”

15.17 子曰：“群居终日，言不及义，好行小慧，难矣哉!”

15.18 子曰：“君子义以为质，礼以行之，孙以出之，信以成之。君子哉!”

15.19 子曰：“君子病无能焉，不病人之不己知也。”

15.20 子曰：“君子疾没世而名不称焉。”

15.21 子曰：“君子求诸己，小人求诸人。”

15.22 子曰：“君子矜而不争，群而不党。”

15.23 子曰：“君子不以言举人，不以人废言。”

15.24 子贡问曰：“有一言而可以终身行之者乎?”子曰：“其‘恕’乎!己所不欲，勿施於人。”

15.25 子曰：“吾之於人也，谁毁谁誉?如有所誉者，其有所试矣。斯民也，三代之所以直道而行也。”

15.26 子曰：“吾犹及史之阙文也。有马者借人乘之，今亡矣夫!”

15.27 子曰：“巧言乱德。小不忍，则乱大谋。”

15.28 子曰：“众恶之，必察焉;众好之，必察焉。”

15.29 子曰：“人能弘道，非道弘人。”

15.30 子曰：“过而不改，是谓过矣。”

15.31 子曰：“吾尝终日不食，终夜不寝，以思，无益，不如学也。”

15.32 子曰：“君子谋道不谋食。耕也，馁在其中矣;学也，禄在其中矣。君子忧道不忧贫。”

15.33 子曰：“知及之，仁不能守之，虽得之，必失之。知及之，仁能守之，不庄以 之，动之不以礼，未善也。”

15.34 子曰：“君子不可小知而可大受也，小人不可大受而可小知也。”

15.35 子曰：“民之於仁也，甚於水火。水火，吾见蹈而死者矣，未见蹈仁而死者也。”

15.36 子曰：“当仁，不让于师。”

15.37 子曰：“君子贞而不谅。”

15.38 子曰：“事君，敬其事而后其食。”

15.39 子曰：“有教无类。”

15.40 子曰：“道不同不相为谋。”

15.41 子曰：“辞达而已矣。”

15.42 师冕见，及阶，子曰：“阶也。”及席，子曰：“席也。”皆坐，子告之曰：“某在斯，某在斯。”师冕出。子张问曰：“与师言之道与?”子曰：“然。固相师之道也。”

1 vessels        

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》

All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

2 exhausted        

adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的

参考例句：

It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长，到家时我们已筋疲力尽。

Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。

3 wan        

(wide area network)广域网

参考例句：

The shared connection can be an Ethernet,wireless LAN,or wireless WAN connection.提供共享的网络连接可以是以太网、无线局域网或无线广域网。

4 license        

n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许

参考例句：

The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。

The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。

5 unity        

n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调

参考例句：

When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。

We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。

6 pervading        

v.遍及，弥漫( pervade的现在分词 )

参考例句：

an all-pervading sense of gloom 无处不在的沮丧感

a pervading mood of fear 普遍的恐惧情绪

7 virtue        

n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力

参考例句：

He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。

You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。

8 shun        

vt.避开，回避，避免

参考例句：

Materialists face truth,whereas idealists shun it.唯物主义者面向真理，唯心主义者则逃避真理。

This extremist organization has shunned conventional politics.这个极端主义组织有意避开了传统政治。

9 exertion        

n.尽力，努力

参考例句：

We were sweating profusely from the exertion of moving the furniture.我们搬动家具大费气力，累得大汗淋漓。

She was hot and breathless from the exertion of cycling uphill.由于用力骑车爬坡，她浑身发热。

10 reverently        

adv.虔诚地

参考例句：

He gazed reverently at the handiwork. 他满怀敬意地凝视着这件手工艺品。

Pork gazed at it reverently and slowly delight spread over his face. 波克怀着愉快的心情看着这只表，脸上慢慢显出十分崇敬的神色。

11 truthful        

adj.真实的，说实话的，诚实的

参考例句：

You can count on him for a truthful report of the accident.你放心，他会对事故作出如实的报告的。

I don't think you are being entirely truthful.我认为你并没全讲真话。

12 standing        

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。

They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

13 yoke        

n.轭；支配；v.给...上轭，连接，使成配偶

参考例句：

An ass and an ox,fastened to the same yoke,were drawing a wagon.驴子和公牛一起套在轭上拉车。

The defeated army passed under the yoke.败军在轭门下通过。

14 straightforward        

adj.正直的，坦率的；易懂的，简单的

参考例句：

A straightforward talk is better than a flowery speech.巧言不如直说。

I must insist on your giving me a straightforward answer.我一定要你给我一个直截了当的回答。

15 err        

vi.犯错误，出差错

参考例句：

He did not err by a hair's breadth in his calculation.他的计算结果一丝不差。

The arrows err not from their aim.箭无虚发。

16 determined        

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。

He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

17 worthy        

adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的

参考例句：

I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。

There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。

18 virtuous        

adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的

参考例句：

She was such a virtuous woman that everybody respected her.她是个有道德的女性，人人都尊敬她。

My uncle is always proud of having a virtuous wife.叔叔一直为娶到一位贤德的妻子而骄傲。

19 yen        

n. 日元；热望

参考例句：

He wanted to convert his dollars into Japanese yen.他想将美元换成日币。

He has a yen to be alone in a boat.他渴望独自呆在一条船上。

20 banish        

vt.放逐，驱逐；消除，排除

参考例句：

The doctor advised her to banish fear and anxiety.医生劝她消除恐惧和忧虑。

He tried to banish gloom from his thought.他试图驱除心中的忧愁。

21 specious        

adj.似是而非的；adv.似是而非地

参考例句：

Such talk is actually specious and groundless.这些话实际上毫无根据，似是而非的。

It is unlikely that the Duke was convinced by such specious arguments.公爵不太可能相信这种似是而非的论点。

22 resentment        

n.怨愤，忿恨

参考例句：

All her feelings of resentment just came pouring out.她一股脑儿倾吐出所有的怨恨。

She cherished a deep resentment under the rose towards her employer.她暗中对她的雇主怀恨在心。

23 propriety        

n.正当行为；正当；适当

参考例句：

We hesitated at the propriety of the method.我们对这种办法是否适用拿不定主意。

The sensitive matter was handled with great propriety.这件机密的事处理得极为适当。

24 forth        

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。

He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。

25 humility        

n.谦逊，谦恭

参考例句：

Humility often gains more than pride.谦逊往往比骄傲收益更多。

His voice was still soft and filled with specious humility.他的声音还是那么温和，甚至有点谦卑。

26 sincerity        

n.真诚，诚意；真实

参考例句：

His sincerity added much more authority to the story.他的真诚更增加了故事的说服力。

He tried hard to satisfy me of his sincerity.他竭力让我了解他的诚意。

27 distressed        

痛苦的

参考例句：

He was too distressed and confused to answer their questions. 他非常苦恼而困惑，无法回答他们的问题。

The news of his death distressed us greatly. 他逝世的消息使我们极为悲痛。

28 dignified        

a.可敬的，高贵的

参考例句：

Throughout his trial he maintained a dignified silence. 在整个审讯过程中，他始终沉默以保持尊严。

He always strikes such a dignified pose before his girlfriend. 他总是在女友面前摆出这种庄严的姿态。

29 wrangle        

vi.争吵

参考例句：

I don't want to get into a wrangle with the committee.我不想同委员会发生争执。

The two countries fell out in a bitter wrangle over imports.这两个国家在有关进口问题的激烈争吵中闹翻了。

30 sociable        

adj.好交际的，友好的，合群的

参考例句：

Roger is a very sociable person.罗杰是个非常好交际的人。

Some children have more sociable personalities than others.有些孩子比其他孩子更善于交际。

31 partisan        

adj.党派性的；游击队的；n.游击队员；党徒

参考例句：

In their anger they forget all the partisan quarrels.愤怒之中，他们忘掉一切党派之争。

The numerous newly created partisan detachments began working slowly towards that region.许多新建的游击队都开始慢慢地向那里移动。

32 straightforwardness        

n.坦白，率直

参考例句：

They were impressed by his sincerity and straightforwardness. 他的诚恳直率给他们留下了很深的印象。

What some people take for rudeness is really straightforwardness. 一些人所认为的无礼实际上却是直率的表现。

33 alas        

int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等)

参考例句：

Alas!The window is broken!哎呀！窗子破了！

Alas,the truth is less romantic.然而，真理很少带有浪漫色彩。

34 emolument        

n.报酬，薪水

参考例句：

The emolument of this profession is not satisfactory.此行业的报酬不令人满意。

Emolument management occupies a significant part in HR.薪酬管理在人力资源管理活动中占据重要的地位。

35 attain        

vt.达到，获得，完成

参考例句：

I used the scientific method to attain this end. 我用科学的方法来达到这一目的。

His painstaking to attain his goal in life is praiseworthy. 他为实现人生目标所下的苦功是值得称赞的。

36 excellence        

n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德

参考例句：

His art has reached a high degree of excellence.他的艺术已达到炉火纯青的地步。

My performance is far below excellence.我的表演离优秀还差得远呢。

37 mien        

n.风采；态度

参考例句：

He was a Vietnam veteran with a haunted mien.他是个越战老兵，举止总有些惶然。

It was impossible to tell from his mien whether he was offended.从他的神态中难以看出他是否生气了。