论语英文版The Analects Chapter 17

Yang Ho wished to see Confucius, but Confucius would not go to see him. Onthis, he sent a present of a pig to Confucius, who, having chosen a timewhen Ho was not at home went to pay his respects for the gift. He met him,however, on the way.

Ho said to Confucius, "Come, let me speak with you." He then asked, "Can hebe called benevolent1 who keeps his jewel in his bosom2, and leaves hiscountry to confusion?" Confucius replied, "No." "Can he be called wise, whois anxious to be engaged in public employment, and yet is constantly losingthe opportunity of being so?" Confucius again said, "No." "The days andmonths are passing away; the years do not wait for us." Confucius said,"Right; I will go into office."The Master said, "By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get tobe wide apart."The Master said, "There are only the wise of the highest class, and thestupid of the lowest class, who cannot be changed."The Master, having come to Wu-ch'ang, heard there the sound of stringedinstruments and singing.

Well pleased and smiling, he said, "Why use an ox knife to kill a fowl3?"Tsze-yu replied, "Formerly4, Master, I heard you say,-'When the man of highstation is well instructed, he loves men; when the man of low station iswell instructed, he is easily ruled.'"The Master said, "My disciples5, Yen's words are right. What I said was onlyin sport."Kung-shan Fu-zao, when he was holding Pi, and in an attitude of rebellion,invited the Master to visit him, who was rather inclined to go.

Tsze-lu was displeased6. and said, "Indeed, you cannot go! Why must youthink of going to see Kung-shan?"The Master said, "Can it be without some reason that he has invited ME? Ifany one employ me, may I not make an eastern Chau?"Tsze-chang asked Confucius about perfect virtue7. Confucius said, "To beable to practice five things everywhere under heaven constitutes perfectvirtue." He begged to ask what they were, and was told, "Gravity,generosity of soul, sincerity8, earnestness, and kindness. If you are grave,you will not be treated with disrespect. If you are generous, you will winall. If you are sincere, people will repose9trust in you. If you areearnest, you will accomplish much. If you are kind, this will enable you toemploy the services of others.

Pi Hsi inviting10 him to visit him, the Master was inclined to go.

Tsze-lu said, "Master, formerly I have heard you say, 'When a man in hisown person is guilty of doing evil, a superior man will not associate withhim.' Pi Hsi is in rebellion, holding possession of Chung-mau; if you go tohim, what shall be said?"The Master said, "Yes, I did use these words. But is it not said, that, ifa thing be really hard, it may be ground without being made thin? Is it notsaid, that, if a thing be really white, it may be steeped in a dark fluidwithout being made black?

"Am I a bitter gourd11? How can I be hung up out of the way of being eaten?"The Master said, "Yu, have you heard the six words to which are attachedsix becloudings?" Yu replied, "I have not.""Sit down, and I will tell them to you.

"There is the love of being benevolent without the love of learning;-thebeclouding here leads to a foolish simplicity12. There is the love of knowingwithout the love of learning;-the beclouding here leads to dissipation ofmind. There is the love of being sincere without the love of learning;-thebeclouding here leads to an injurious disregard of consequences. There isthe love of straightforwardness13 without the love of learning;-thebeclouding here leads to rudeness. There is the love of boldness withoutthe love of learning;-the beclouding here leads to insubordination. Thereis the love of firmness without the love of learning;-the beclouding hereleads to extravagant14 conduct."The Master said, "My children, why do you not study the Book of Poetry?

"The Odes serve to stimulate15 the mind.

"They may be used for purposes of self-contemplation.

"They teach the art of sociability16.

"They show how to regulate feelings of resentment17.

"From them you learn the more immediate18 duty of serving one's father, andthe remoter one of serving one's prince.

"From them we become largely acquainted with the names of birds, beasts,and plants."The Master said to Po-yu, "Do you give yourself to the Chau-nan and theShao-nan. The man who has not studied the Chau-nan and the Shao-nan is likeone who stands with his face right against a wall. Is he not so?" TheMaster said, "'It is according to the rules of propriety19,' they say.-'It isaccording to the rules of propriety,' they say. Are gems20 and silk all thatis meant by propriety? 'It is music,' they say.-'It is music,' they say.

Are hers and drums all that is meant by music?"The Master said, "He who puts on an appearance of stern firmness, whileinwardly he is weak, is like one of the small, mean people;-yea, is he notlike the thief who breaks through, or climbs over, a wall?"The Master said, "Your good, careful people of the villages are the thievesof virtue."The Master said, To tell, as we go along, what we have heard on the way, isto cast away our virtue."The Master said, "There are those mean creatures! How impossible it isalong with them to serve one's prince!

"While they have not got their aims, their anxiety is how to get them. Whenthey have got them, their anxiety is lest they should lose them.

"When they are anxious lest such things should be lost, there is nothing towhich they will not proceed."The Master said, "Anciently, men had three failings, which now perhaps arenot to be found.

"The high-mindedness of antiquity21 showed itself in a disregard of smallthings; the high-mindedness of the present day shows itself in wildlicense. The stern dignity of antiquity showed itself in grave reserve; thestern dignity of the present day shows itself in quarrelsome perverseness22.

The stupidity of antiquity showed itself in straightforwardness; thestupidity of the present day shows itself in sheer deceit."The Master said, "Fine words and an insinuating23 appearance are seldomassociated with virtue."The Master said, "I hate the manner in which purple takes away the lusterof vermilion. I hate the way in which the songs of Chang confound the musicof the Ya. I hate those who with their sharp mouths overthrow24 kingdoms andfamilies."The Master said, "I would prefer not speaking."Tsze-kung said, "If you, Master, do not speak, what shall we, yourdisciples, have to record?"The Master said, "Does Heaven speak? The four seasons pursue their courses,and all things are continually being produced, but does Heaven sayanything?"Zu Pei wished to see Confucius, but Confucius declined, on the ground ofbeing sick, to see him. When the bearer of this message went out at thedoor, the Master took his lute25 and sang to it, in order that Pei might hearhim.

Tsai Wo asked about the three years' mourning for parents, saying that oneyear was long enough.

"If the superior man," said he, "abstains26 for three years from theobservances of propriety, those observances will be quite lost. If forthree years he abstains from music, music will be ruined. Within a year theold grain is exhausted27, and the new grain has sprung up, and, in procuringfire by friction28, we go through all the changes of wood for that purpose.

After a complete year, the mourning may stop."The Master said, "If you were, after a year, to eat good rice, and wearembroidered clothes, would you feel at ease?" "I should," replied Wo.

The Master said, "If you can feel at ease, do it. But a superior man,during the whole period of mourning, does not enjoy pleasant food which hemay eat, nor derive29 pleasure from music which he may hear. He also does notfeel at ease, if he is comfortably lodged30. Therefore he does not do whatyou propose. But now you feel at ease and may do it."Tsai Wo then went out, and the Master said, "This shows Yu's want ofvirtue. It is not till a child is three years old that it is allowed toleave the arms of its parents. And the three years' mourning is universallyobserved throughout the empire. Did Yu enjoy the three years' love of hisparents?"The Master said, "Hard is it to deal with who will stuff himself with foodthe whole day, without applying his mind to anything good! Are there notgamesters and chess players? To be one of these would still be better thandoing nothing at all."Tsze-lu said, "Does the superior man esteem31 valor32?" The Master said, "Thesuperior man holds righteousness to be of highest importance. A man in asuperior situation, having valor without righteousness, will be guilty ofinsubordination; one of the lower people having valor withoutrighteousness, will commit robbery."Tsze-kung said, "Has the superior man his hatreds33 also?" The Master said,"He has his hatreds. He hates those who proclaim the evil of others. Hehates the man who, being in a low station, slanders34 his superiors. He hatesthose who have valor merely, and are unobservant of propriety. He hatesthose who are forward and determined35, and, at the same time, of contractedunderstanding."The Master then inquired, "Ts'ze, have you also your hatreds?" Tsze-kungreplied, "I hate those who pry36 out matters, and ascribe the knowledge totheir wisdom. I hate those who are only not modest, and think that they arevalorous. I hate those who make known secrets, and think that they arestraightforward."The Master said, "Of all people, girls and servants are the most difficultto behave to. If you are familiar with them, they lose their humility37. Ifyou maintain a reserve towards them, they are discontented."The Master said, "When a man at forty is the object of dislike, he willalways continue what he is."

阳货篇第十七

17.1 阳货欲见孔子，孔子不见，归孔子豚。孔子时其亡也，而往拜之。遇诸涂。谓孔子曰：“来!予与尔言。”曰：“怀其宝而迷其邦，可谓仁乎?”曰：“不可。”“好从事而亟失时，可谓知乎?”曰：“不可。”“日月逝矣，岁不我与。”孔子曰：“诺。吾将仕矣。”

17.2 子曰：“性相近也，习相远也。”

17.3 子曰：“唯上知与下愚不移。”

17.4 子之武城，闻弦歌之声。夫子莞尔而笑，曰：“割鸡焉用牛刀?”子游对曰：“昔者偃也闻诸夫子曰：‘君子学道则爱人，小人学道则易使也。’”子曰：“二三子!偃之言是也。前言戏之耳。”

17.5 公山弗扰以费畔，召，子欲往。子路不说，曰：“末之也，已，何必公山氏之之也?”子曰：“夫召我者，而岂徒哉?如有用我者，吾其为东周乎?”

17.6 子张问仁于孔子。孔子曰：“能行五者于天下，为仁矣。”“请问之。”曰：“恭宽信敏惠。恭则不侮，宽则得众，信则人任焉，敏则有功，惠则足以使人。”

17.7 佛肸召，子欲往。子路曰：“昔者由也闻诸夫子曰：‘亲于其身为不善者，君子不入也。’佛肸以中牟畔，子之往也，如之何?”子曰：“然。有是言也。不曰坚乎，磨而不磷;不曰白乎，涅而不缁。吾岂匏瓜也哉?焉能系而不食?”

17.8 子曰：“由也!女闻六言六蔽矣乎?”对曰：“未也。”“居!吾语女。好仁不好学，其蔽也愚;好知不好学，其蔽也荡;好信不好学，其蔽也贼;好直不好学，其蔽也绞;好勇不好学，其蔽也乱;好刚不好学，其蔽也狂。”

17.9 子曰：“小子何莫学夫《诗》?诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君;多识于鸟兽草木之名。”

17.10 子谓伯鱼曰：“女为《周南》、《召南》矣乎?人而不为《周南》、《召南》，其犹正墙面而立也与?”

17.11 子曰：“礼云礼云，玉帛云乎哉?乐云乐云，钟鼓云乎哉?”

17.12 子曰：“色厉而内荏，譬诸小人，其犹穿窬之盗也与?”

17.13 子曰：“乡原，德之贼也。”

17.14 子曰：“道听而涂说，德之弃也。”

17.15 子曰：“鄙夫可与事君也与哉?”其未得之也，患得之，既得之，患失之，苟患失之，无所不至矣。“

17.16 子曰：“古者民有三疾，今也或是之亡也。古之狂也肆，今之狂也荡;古之矜也廉，今之矜也忿戾;古之愚也直，今之愚也诈而已矣。”

17.17 子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁。”

17.18 子曰：“恶紫之夺朱也，恶郑声之乱雅乐也，恶利口之覆邦家者。”

17.19 子曰：“予欲无言。”子贡曰：“子如不言，则小子何述焉?”子曰：“天何言哉?四时行焉，百物生焉。天何言哉?”

17.20 孺悲欲见孔子，孔子辞以疾。将命者出户，取瑟而歌，使之闻之。

17.21 宰我问：“三年之丧，期已久矣。君子三年不为礼，礼必坏;三年不为乐，乐必崩。旧谷既没，新谷既升，钻燧改火，期可已矣。”子曰：“食夫稻，衣夫锦，于女安乎?”曰：“安。”“女安，则为之。夫君子之居丧，食旨不甘，闻乐不乐，居处不安，故不为也。今女安，则为之!”宰我出。子曰：“予之不仁也!子生三年，然后免于父母之怀。夫三年之丧，天下之通丧也。予也有三年之爱于其父母乎?”

17.22 子曰：“饱食终日，无所用心，难矣哉!不有博弈者乎?为之，犹贤乎已。”

17.23 子路曰：“君子尚勇乎!”子曰：“君子义以为上。君子有勇而无义为乱，小人有勇而无义为盗。”

17.24 子贡曰：“君子亦有恶乎!”子曰：“有恶：恶称人之恶者，恶居下流而 上者，恶勇而不礼者，恶果敢而窒者。”曰：“赐也亦有恶乎?”“恶徼以为知者，恶不孙以为勇者，恶讦以为直者。”

17.25 子曰：“唯女子与小人为难养也，近之则不孙，远之则怨。”

17.26 子曰：“年四十而见恶焉，其终也已。”

1 benevolent        

adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的

参考例句：

His benevolent nature prevented him from refusing any beggar who accosted him.他乐善好施的本性使他不会拒绝走上前向他行乞的任何一个乞丐。

He was a benevolent old man and he wouldn't hurt a fly.他是一个仁慈的老人，连只苍蝇都不愿伤害。

2 bosom        

n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的

参考例句：

She drew a little book from her bosom.她从怀里取出一本小册子。

A dark jealousy stirred in his bosom.他内心生出一阵恶毒的嫉妒。

3 fowl        

n.家禽，鸡，禽肉

参考例句：

Fowl is not part of a traditional brunch.禽肉不是传统的早午餐的一部分。

Since my heart attack,I've eaten more fish and fowl and less red meat.自从我患了心脏病后，我就多吃鱼肉和禽肉，少吃红色肉类。

4 formerly        

adv.从前，以前

参考例句：

We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。

This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China.这船从前航行在中国内河里。

5 disciples        

n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 )；门徒；耶稣的信徒；（尤指）耶稣十二门徒之一

参考例句：

Judas was one of the twelve disciples of Jesus. 犹大是耶稣十二门徒之一。 来自《简明英汉词典》

"The names of the first two disciples were --" “最初的两个门徒的名字是——” 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险

6 displeased        

a.不快的

参考例句：

The old man was displeased and darted an angry look at me. 老人不高兴了，瞪了我一眼。

He was displeased about the whole affair. 他对整个事情感到很不高兴。

7 virtue        

n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力

参考例句：

He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。

You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。

8 sincerity        

n.真诚，诚意；真实

参考例句：

His sincerity added much more authority to the story.他的真诚更增加了故事的说服力。

He tried hard to satisfy me of his sincerity.他竭力让我了解他的诚意。

9 repose        

v.(使)休息；n.安息

参考例句：

Don't disturb her repose.不要打扰她休息。

Her mouth seemed always to be smiling,even in repose.她的嘴角似乎总是挂着微笑，即使在睡眠时也是这样。

10 inviting        

adj.诱人的，引人注目的

参考例句：

An inviting smell of coffee wafted into the room.一股诱人的咖啡香味飘进了房间。

The kitchen smelled warm and inviting and blessedly familiar.这间厨房的味道温暖诱人，使人感到亲切温馨。

11 gourd        

n.葫芦

参考例句：

Are you going with him? You must be out of your gourd.你和他一块去？你一定是疯了。

Give me a gourd so I can bail.把葫芦瓢给我，我好把水舀出去。

12 simplicity        

n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯

参考例句：

She dressed with elegant simplicity.她穿着朴素高雅。

The beauty of this plan is its simplicity.简明扼要是这个计划的一大特点。

13 straightforwardness        

n.坦白，率直

参考例句：

They were impressed by his sincerity and straightforwardness. 他的诚恳直率给他们留下了很深的印象。

What some people take for rudeness is really straightforwardness. 一些人所认为的无礼实际上却是直率的表现。

14 extravagant        

adj.奢侈的；过分的；(言行等)放肆的

参考例句：

They tried to please him with fulsome compliments and extravagant gifts.他们想用溢美之词和奢华的礼品来取悦他。

He is extravagant in behaviour.他行为放肆。

15 stimulate        

vt.刺激，使兴奋；激励，使…振奋

参考例句：

Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。

Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。

16 sociability        

n.好交际，社交性，善于交际

参考例句：

A fire of withered pine boughs added sociability to the gathering. 枯松枝生起的篝火给这次聚合增添了随和、友善的气氛。 来自辞典例句

A certain sociability degree is a specific character of most plants. 特定的群集度是多数植物特有的特征。 来自辞典例句

17 resentment        

n.怨愤，忿恨

参考例句：

All her feelings of resentment just came pouring out.她一股脑儿倾吐出所有的怨恨。

She cherished a deep resentment under the rose towards her employer.她暗中对她的雇主怀恨在心。

18 immediate        

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。

We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

19 propriety        

n.正当行为；正当；适当

参考例句：

We hesitated at the propriety of the method.我们对这种办法是否适用拿不定主意。

The sensitive matter was handled with great propriety.这件机密的事处理得极为适当。

20 gems        

growth； economy； management； and customer satisfaction 增长

参考例句：

a crown studded with gems 镶有宝石的皇冠

The apt citations and poetic gems have adorned his speeches. 贴切的引语和珠玑般的诗句为他的演说词增添文采。

21 antiquity        

n.古老；高龄；古物，古迹

参考例句：

The museum contains the remains of Chinese antiquity.博物馆藏有中国古代的遗物。

There are many legends about the heroes of antiquity.有许多关于古代英雄的传说。

22 perverseness        

n. 乖张, 倔强, 顽固

参考例句：

A gentle tongue is a tree of life, but perverseness spirit. 温良的舌是生命树，乖谬的嘴使人心碎。

A wholesome tongue is a tree of life: but perverseness therein is spirit. 说安慰话的舌头是生命树；奸恶的舌头使人心碎。

23 insinuating        

adj.曲意巴结的，暗示的v.暗示( insinuate的现在分词 )；巧妙或迂回地潜入；（使）缓慢进入；慢慢伸入

参考例句：

Are you insinuating that I' m telling a lie ? 你这是意味着我是在说谎吗？ 来自辞典例句

He is extremely insinuating, but it's a vulgar nature. 他好奉承拍马，那是种庸俗的品格。 来自辞典例句

24 overthrow        

v.推翻，打倒，颠覆；n.推翻，瓦解，颠覆

参考例句：

After the overthrow of the government,the country was in chaos.政府被推翻后，这个国家处于混乱中。

The overthrow of his plans left him much discouraged.他的计划的失败使得他很气馁。

25 lute        

n.琵琶，鲁特琴

参考例句：

He idly plucked the strings of the lute.他漫不经心地拨弄着鲁特琴的琴弦。

He knows how to play the Chinese lute.他会弹琵琶。

26 abstains        

戒（尤指酒），戒除( abstain的第三人称单数 )； 弃权（不投票）

参考例句：

She eats only vegetables and abstains from eating meat. 她光吃青菜，不吃肉。

He abstains from smoking for his heavy cough recently. 他近来咳嗽地非常厉害，于是他把烟戒了。

27 exhausted        

adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的

参考例句：

It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长，到家时我们已筋疲力尽。

Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。

28 friction        

n.摩擦，摩擦力

参考例句：

When Joan returned to work,the friction between them increased.琼回来工作后，他们之间的摩擦加剧了。

Friction acts on moving bodies and brings them to a stop.摩擦力作用于运动着的物体，并使其停止。

29 derive        

v.取得；导出；引申；来自；源自；出自

参考例句：

We derive our sustenance from the land.我们从土地获取食物。

We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels.我们将从优秀小说中获得很大好处。

30 lodged        

v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属

参考例句：

The certificate will have to be lodged at the registry. 证书必须存放在登记处。 来自《简明英汉词典》

Our neighbours lodged a complaint against us with the police. 我们的邻居向警方控告我们。 来自《简明英汉词典》

31 esteem        

n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作

参考例句：

I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。

The veteran worker ranks high in public love and esteem.那位老工人深受大伙的爱戴。

32 valor        

n.勇气，英勇

参考例句：

Fortitude is distinct from valor.坚韧不拔有别于勇猛。

Frequently banality is the better parts of valor.老生常谈往往比大胆打破常规更为人称道。

33 hatreds        

n.仇恨，憎恶( hatred的名词复数 )；厌恶的事

参考例句：

He had more enimies and hatreds than anyone could easily guess from his thoughtful expression. 从他的思想表达方式难以被人猜透来看，他的敌人和仇家是不会多的。 来自辞典例句

All the old and recent hatreds come to his mind. 旧恨新仇一起涌上他的心头。 来自互联网

34 slanders        

诽谤，诋毁( slander的名词复数 )

参考例句：

We condemn all sorts of slanders. 我们谴责一切诽谤中伤的言论。

All slanders and libels should be repudiated. 一切诬蔑不实之词，应予推倒。

35 determined        

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。

He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

36 pry        

vi.窥(刺)探，打听；vt.撬动(开，起)

参考例句：

He's always ready to pry into other people's business.他总爱探听别人的事。

We use an iron bar to pry open the box.我们用铁棍撬开箱子。

37 humility        

n.谦逊，谦恭

参考例句：

Humility often gains more than pride.谦逊往往比骄傲收益更多。

His voice was still soft and filled with specious humility.他的声音还是那么温和，甚至有点谦卑。