论语英文版The Analects Chapter 19

Tsze-chang said, "The scholar, trained for public duty, seeing threateningdanger, is prepared to sacrifice his life. When the opportunity of gain ispresented to him, he thinks of righteousness. In sacrificing, his thoughtsare reverential. In mourning, his thoughts are about the grief which heshould feel. Such a man commands our approbation1 indeedTsze-chang said, "When a man holds fast to virtue2, but without seeking toenlarge it, and believes in right principles, but without firm sincerity,what account can be made of his existence or non-existence?"The disciples3 of Tsze-hsia asked Tsze-chang about the principles thatshould characterize mutual4 intercourse5. Tsze-chang asked, "What doesTsze-hsia say on the subject?" They replied, "Tsze-hsia says: 'Associatewith those who can advantage you. Put away from you those who cannot doso.'" Tsze-chang observed, "This is different from what I have learned. Thesuperior man honors the talented and virtuous6, and bears with all. Hepraises the good, and pities the incompetent7. Am I possessed8 of greattalents and virtue?-who is there among men whom I will not bear with? Am Idevoid of talents and virtue?-men will put me away from them. What have weto do with the putting away of others?"Tsze-hsia said, "Even in inferior studies and employments there issomething worth being looked at; but if it be attempted to carry them outto what is remote, there is a danger of their proving inapplicable.

Therefore, the superior man does not practice them."Tsze-hsia said, "He, who from day to day recognizes what he has not yet,and from month to month does not forget what he has attained9 to, may besaid indeed to love to learn."Tsze-hsia said, "There are learning extensively, and having a firm andsincere aim; inquiring with earnestness, and reflecting withself-application:-virtue is in such a course."Tsze-hsia said, "Mechanics have their shops to dwell in, in order toaccomplish their works. The superior man learns, in order to reach to theutmost of his principles."Tsze-hsia said, "The mean man is sure to gloss10 his faults."Tsze-hsia said, "The superior man undergoes three changes. Looked at from adistance, he appears stern; when approached, he is mild; when he is heardto speak, his language is firm and decided11."Tsze-hsia said, "The superior man, having obtained their confidence, maythen impose labors12 on his people. If he have not gained their confidence,they will think that he is oppressing them. Having obtained the confidenceof his prince, one may then remonstrate13 with him. If he have not gained hisconfidence, the prince will think that he is vilifying14 him."Tsze-hsia said, "When a person does not transgress15 the boundary line in thegreat virtues16, he may pass and repass it in the small virtues."Tsze-yu said, "The disciples and followers17 of Tsze-hsia, in sprinkling andsweeping the ground, in answering and replying, in advancing and receding,are sufficiently18 accomplished19. But these are only the branches of learning,and they are left ignorant of what is essential.-How can they beacknowledged as sufficiently taught?"Tsze-hsia heard of the remark and said, "Alas20! Yen21 Yu is wrong. Accordingto the way of the superior man in teaching, what departments are therewhich he considers of prime importance, and delivers? what are there whichhe considers of secondary importance, and allows himself to be idle about?

But as in the case of plants, which are assorted22 according to theirclasses, so he deals with his disciples. How can the way of a superior manbe such as to make fools of any of them? Is it not the sage23 alone, who canunite in one the beginning and the consummation of learning?"Tsze-hsia said, "The officer, having discharged all his duties, shoulddevote his leisure to learning. The student, having completed his learning,should apply himself to be an officer."Tsze-hsia said, "Mourning, having been carried to the utmost degree ofgrief, should stop with that."Tsze-hsia said, "My friend Chang can do things which are hard to be done,but yet he is not perfectly24 virtuous."The philosopher Tsang said, "How imposing25 is the manner of Chang! It isdifficult along with him to practice virtue."The philosopher Tsang said, "I heard this from our Master: 'Men may nothave shown what is in them to the full extent, and yet they will be foundto do so, on the occasion of mourning for their parents."The philosopher Tsang said, "I have heard this from our Master:-'The filialpiety of Mang Chwang, in other matters, was what other men are competentto, but, as seen in his not changing the ministers of his father, nor hisfather's mode of government, it is difficult to be attained to.'"The chief of the Mang family having appointed Yang Fu to be chief criminaljudge, the latter consulted the philosopher Tsang. Tsang said, "The rulershave failed in their duties, and the people consequently have beendisorganized for a long time. When you have found out the truth of anyaccusation, be grieved for and pity them, and do not feel joy at your ownability."Tsze-kung said, "Chau's wickedness was not so great as that name implies.

Therefore, the superior man hates to dwell in a low-lying situation, whereall the evil of the world will flow in upon him."Tsze-kung said, "The faults of the superior man are like the eclipses ofthe sun and moon. He has his faults, and all men see them; he changesagain, and all men look up to him."Kung-sun Ch'ao of Wei asked Tszekung, saying. "From whom did Chung-ni gethis learning?"Tsze-kung replied, "The doctrines27 of Wan26 and Wu have not yet fallen to theground. They are to be found among men. Men of talents and virtue rememberthe greater principles of them, and others, not possessing such talents andvirtue, remember the smaller. Thus, all possess the doctrines of Wan andWu. Where could our Master go that he should not have an opportunity oflearning them? And yet what necessity was there for his having a regularmaster?"Shu-sun Wu-shu observed to the great officers in the court, saying,"Tsze-kung is superior to Chung-ni."Tsze-fu Ching-po reported the observation to Tsze-kung, who said, "Let meuse the comparison of a house and its encompassing28 wall. My wall onlyreaches to the shoulders. One may peep over it, and see whatever isvaluable in the apartments.

"The wall of my Master is several fathoms29 high. If one do not find the doorand enter by it, he cannot see the ancestral temple with its beauties, norall the officers in their rich array.

"But I may assume that they are few who find the door. Was not theobservation of the chief only what might have been expected?"Shu-sun Wu-shu having spoken revilingly of Chung-ni, Tsze-kung said, "It isof no use doing so. Chung-ni cannot be reviled30. The talents and virtue ofother men are hillocks and mounds31 which may be stepped over. Chung-ni isthe sun or moon, which it is not possible to step over. Although a man maywish to cut himself off from the sage, what harm can he do to the sun ormoon? He only shows that he does not know his own capacity.

Ch'an Tsze-ch' in, addressing Tsze-kung, said, "You are too modest. How canChung-ni be said to be superior to you?"Tsze-kung said to him, "For one word a man is often deemed to be wise, andfor one word he is often deemed to be foolish. We ought to be carefulindeed in what we say.

"Our Master cannot be attained to, just in the same way as the heavenscannot be gone up by the steps of a stair.

"Were our Master in the position of the ruler of a state or the chief of afamily, we should find verified the description which has been given of asage's rule:-he would plant the people, and forthwith they would beestablished; he would lead them on, and forthwith they would follow him; hewould make them happy, and forthwith multitudes would resort to hisdominions; he would stimulate32 them, and forthwith they would be harmonious33.

While he lived, he would be glorious. When he died, he would be bitterlylamented. How is it possible for him to be attained to?"

子张篇第十九

19.1 子张曰：“士见危致命，见得思义，祭思敬，丧思哀，其可已矣。”

19.2 子张曰：“执德不弘，信道不笃，焉能为有?焉能为亡?”

19.3 子夏之门人问交于子张。子张曰：“子夏云何?”对曰：“子夏曰：‘可者与之，其不可者拒之。’”子张曰：“异乎吾所闻：君子尊贤而容众，嘉善而矜不能。我之大贤与，于人何所不容?我之不贤与，人将拒我，如之何其拒人也?”

19.4 子夏曰：“虽小道，必有可观者焉;致远恐泥，是以君子不为也。”

19.5 子夏曰：“日知其所亡，月无忘其所能，可谓好学也已矣。”

19.6 子夏曰：“博学而笃志，切问而近思，仁在其中矣。”

19.7 子夏曰：“百工居肆以成其事，君子学以致其道。”

19.8 子夏曰：“小人之过也必文。”

19.9 子夏曰：“君子有三变：望之俨然，即之也温，听其言也厉。”

19.10 子夏曰：“君子信而后劳其民，未信则以为厉己也。信而后谏，未信则以为谤己也。”

19.11 子夏曰：“大德不逾闲，小德出入可也。”

19.12 子游曰：“子夏之门人小子，当酒扫应对进退，则可矣，抑末也。本之则无，如之何?”子夏闻之，曰：“噫!言游过矣!君子之道，孰先传焉，孰后倦焉?譬诸草木，区以别矣。君子之道，焉可诬也?有始有卒者，其惟圣人乎!”

19.13 子夏曰：“仕而优则学，学而优则仕。”

19.14 子游曰：“丧致乎哀而止。”

19.15 子游曰：“吾友张也为难能也，然而未仁。”

19.16 曾子曰：“堂堂乎张也，难与并为仁矣。”

19.17 曾子曰：“吾闻诸夫子：人未有自致者也，必也亲丧乎!”

19.18 曾子曰：“吾闻诸夫子：孟庄子之孝也，其他可能也;其不改父之臣与父之政，是难能也。”

19.19 孟氏使阳肤为士师，问于曾子。曾子曰：“上失其道，民散久矣。如得其情，则哀矜而勿喜!”

19.20 子贡曰：“纣之不善，不如是之甚也。是以君子恶居下流，天下之恶皆归焉。”

19.21 子贡曰：“君子之过也，如日月之食焉;过也，人皆见之;更也，人皆抑之。”

19.22 卫公孙朝问于子贡曰：“仲尼焉学?”子贡曰：“文、武之道，未坠于地，在人。贤者识其大者，不贤者识其小者。莫不有文武之道焉。夫子焉不学?而亦何常师之有?”

19.23 叔孙武叔语大夫于朝，曰：“子贡贤于仲尼。”子服景伯以告子贡。子贡曰：“譬之宫墙，赐之墙也及肩，窥见室家之好。夫子之墙数仞，不得其门而入，不见宗庙之美，百官之富。得其门者或寡矣。夫子之云，不亦宜乎!”

19.24 叔孙武叔毁仲尼。子贡曰：“无以为也!仲尼不可毁也。他人之贤者，丘陵也，犹可逾也;仲尼，日月也，无得而逾焉。人虽欲自绝，其何伤于日月乎?多见其不知量也。”

19.25 陈子禽谓子贡曰：“子为恭也，仲尼岂贤于子乎?”子贡曰：“君子一言以为知，一言以为不知，言不可不慎也。夫子之不可及也，犹天之不可阶而升也。夫子之得邦家者，所谓立之斯立，道之斯行，绥之斯来，动之斯和。其生也荣，其死也哀。如之何其可及也?”

1 approbation        

n.称赞；认可

参考例句：

He tasted the wine of audience approbation.他尝到了像酒般令人陶醉的听众赞许滋味。

The result has not met universal approbation.该结果尚未获得普遍认同。

2 virtue        

n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力

参考例句：

He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。

You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。

3 disciples        

n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 )；门徒；耶稣的信徒；（尤指）耶稣十二门徒之一

参考例句：

Judas was one of the twelve disciples of Jesus. 犹大是耶稣十二门徒之一。 来自《简明英汉词典》

"The names of the first two disciples were --" “最初的两个门徒的名字是——” 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险

4 mutual        

adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的

参考例句：

We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。

Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。

5 intercourse        

n.性交；交流，交往，交际

参考例句：

The magazine becomes a cultural medium of intercourse between the two peoples.该杂志成为两民族间文化交流的媒介。

There was close intercourse between them.他们过往很密。

6 virtuous        

adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的

参考例句：

She was such a virtuous woman that everybody respected her.她是个有道德的女性，人人都尊敬她。

My uncle is always proud of having a virtuous wife.叔叔一直为娶到一位贤德的妻子而骄傲。

7 incompetent        

adj.无能力的，不能胜任的

参考例句：

He is utterly incompetent at his job.他完全不能胜任他的工作。

He is incompetent at working with his hands.他动手能力不行。

8 possessed        

adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的

参考例句：

He flew out of the room like a man possessed.他像着了魔似地猛然冲出房门。

He behaved like someone possessed.他行为举止像是魔怔了。

9 attained        

（通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况）

参考例句：

She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。

Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。

10 gloss        

n.光泽，光滑；虚饰；注释；vt.加光泽于；掩饰

参考例句：

John tried in vain to gloss over his faults.约翰极力想掩饰自己的缺点，但是没有用。

She rubbed up the silver plates to a high gloss.她把银盘擦得很亮。

11 decided        

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。

There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

12 labors        

v.努力争取(for)( labor的第三人称单数 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转

参考例句：

He was tiresome in contending for the value of his own labors. 他老为他自己劳动的价值而争强斗胜，令人生厌。 来自辞典例句

Farm labors used to hire themselves out for the summer. 农业劳动者夏季常去当雇工。 来自辞典例句

13 remonstrate        

v.抗议，规劝

参考例句：

He remonstrated with the referee.他向裁判抗议。

I jumped in the car and went to remonstrate.我跳进汽车去提出抗议。

14 vilifying        

v.中伤，诽谤( vilify的现在分词 )

参考例句：

A: But he is vilifying you! You should fight back. 可他是在诋毁你啊！你应该还击。 来自互联网

15 transgress        

vt.违反，逾越

参考例句：

Your words must't transgress the local laws .你的言辞不能违反当地法律。

No one is permitted to have privileges to transgress the law. 不允许任何人有超越法律的特权。

16 virtues        

美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处

参考例句：

Doctors often extol the virtues of eating less fat. 医生常常宣扬少吃脂肪的好处。

She delivered a homily on the virtues of family life. 她进行了一场家庭生活美德方面的说教。

17 followers        

追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件

参考例句：

the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者

The reformer soon gathered a band of followers round him. 改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。

18 sufficiently        

adv.足够地，充分地

参考例句：

It turned out he had not insured the house sufficiently.原来他没有给房屋投足保险。

The new policy was sufficiently elastic to accommodate both views.新政策充分灵活地适用两种观点。

19 accomplished        

adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的

参考例句：

Thanks to your help,we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.亏得你们帮忙,我们才提前完成了任务。

Removal of excess heat is accomplished by means of a radiator.通过散热器完成多余热量的排出。

20 alas        

int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等)

参考例句：

Alas!The window is broken!哎呀！窗子破了！

Alas,the truth is less romantic.然而，真理很少带有浪漫色彩。

21 yen        

n. 日元；热望

参考例句：

He wanted to convert his dollars into Japanese yen.他想将美元换成日币。

He has a yen to be alone in a boat.他渴望独自呆在一条船上。

22 assorted        

adj.各种各样的，各色俱备的

参考例句：

There's a bag of assorted sweets on the table.桌子上有一袋什锦糖果。

He has always assorted with men of his age.他总是与和他年令相仿的人交往。

23 sage        

n.圣人，哲人；adj.贤明的，明智的

参考例句：

I was grateful for the old man's sage advice.我很感激那位老人贤明的忠告。

The sage is the instructor of a hundred ages.这位哲人是百代之师。

24 perfectly        

adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地

参考例句：

The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。

Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。

25 imposing        

adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的

参考例句：

The fortress is an imposing building.这座城堡是一座宏伟的建筑。

He has lost his imposing appearance.他已失去堂堂仪表。

26 wan        

(wide area network)广域网

参考例句：

The shared connection can be an Ethernet,wireless LAN,or wireless WAN connection.提供共享的网络连接可以是以太网、无线局域网或无线广域网。

27 doctrines        

n.教条( doctrine的名词复数 )；教义；学说；（政府政策的）正式声明

参考例句：

To modern eyes, such doctrines appear harsh, even cruel. 从现代的角度看，这样的教义显得苛刻，甚至残酷。 来自《简明英汉词典》

His doctrines have seduced many into error. 他的学说把许多人诱入歧途。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

28 encompassing        

v.围绕( encompass的现在分词 )；包围；包含；包括

参考例句：

Being too large and all-encompassing is a common defect among state-owned enterprises. 过分追求大而全，是国企的一大通病。 来自互联网

Our services are: all-encompassing, love justice and high quality. 我们的服务目标是：全方位、真情义、高质量。 来自互联网

29 fathoms        

英寻( fathom的名词复数 )

参考例句：

The harbour is four fathoms deep. 港深为四英寻。

One bait was down forty fathoms. 有个鱼饵下沉到四十英寻的深处。

30 reviled        

v.辱骂，痛斥( revile的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

The tramp reviled the man who drove him off. 流浪汉辱骂那位赶他走开的人。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

The old man reviled against corruption. 那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。 来自《简明英汉词典》

31 mounds        

土堆，土丘( mound的名词复数 )； 一大堆

参考例句：

We had mounds of tasteless rice. 我们有成堆成堆的淡而无味的米饭。

Ah! and there's the cemetery' - cemetery, he must have meant. 'You see the mounds? 啊，这就是同墓，”——我想他要说的一定是公墓，“看到那些土墩了吗？

32 stimulate        

vt.刺激，使兴奋；激励，使…振奋

参考例句：

Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。

Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。

33 harmonious        

adj.和睦的，调和的，和谐的，协调的

参考例句：

Their harmonious relationship resulted in part from their similar goals.他们关系融洽的部分原因是他们有着相似的目标。

The room was painted in harmonious colors.房间油漆得色彩调和。