The thirty spokes1 unite in the one nave2; but it is on the empty space (for the axle), that the use of the wheel depends. Clay is fashioned into vessels3; but it is on their empty hollowness, that their use depends. The door and windows are cut out (from the walls) to form an apartment; but it is on the empty space (within), that its use depends. Therefore, what has a (positive) existence serves for profitable adaptation, and what has not that for (actual) usefulness.
三十辐,共一毂,当其无,有车之用。
埏埴以为器,当其无,有器之用。
凿户牖以为室,当其无,有室之用。
故有之以为利,无之以为用。
【译文】
三十根辐条汇集于车毂而造车,有了其中的虚空,才发挥了车的作用;糅和陶土制作器皿,有了器皿内的虚空,才发挥了器皿的作用;开凿门窗建造房屋,有了门窗四壁内的虚空,才发挥了房屋的作用。所以,"有"之所以能给人以便利,是因为它营造的"无"发挥了作用。
1 spokes
n.(车轮的)辐条( spoke的名词复数 );轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动
参考例句:
Her baby caught his fingers in the spokes of the pram wheel. 她宝宝的手指被婴儿车轮的辐条卡住了。 来自辞典例句
The new edges are called the spokes of the wheel. 新的边称为轮的辐。 来自辞典例句
2 nave
n.教堂的中部;本堂
参考例句:
People gathered in the nave of the house.人们聚拢在房子的中间。
The family on the other side of the nave had a certain look about them,too.在中殿另一边的那一家人,也有着自己特有的相貌。
3 vessels
n.血管( vessel的名词复数 );船;容器;(具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的)人
参考例句:
The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
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